Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
Viruses. 2024 Aug 24;16(9):1356. doi: 10.3390/v16091356.
Influenza A and influenza B viruses (FLUAV and FLUBV, respectively) cause significant respiratory disease, hospitalization, and mortality each year. Despite causing at least 25% of the annual disease burden, FLUBV is historically understudied. Unlike FLUAVs, which possess pandemic potential due to their many subtypes and broad host range, FLUBVs are thought to be restricted to only humans and are limited to two lineages. The hemagglutinins (HA) of both influenza types bind glycans terminating in α2,6- or α2,3-sialic acids. For FLUAV, the tropism of human- and avian-origin viruses is well-defined and determined by the terminal sialic acid configuration the HA can accommodate, with avian-origin viruses binding α2,3-linked sialic acids and human-origin viruses binding α2,6-linked sialic acids. In contrast, less is known about FLUBV receptor binding and its impact on host tropism. This review discusses the current literature on FLUBV receptor specificity, HA glycosylation, and their roles in virus tropism, evolution, and infection. While the focus is on findings in the past dozen years, it should be noted that the most current approaches for measuring virus-glycan interactions have not yet been applied to FLUBV and knowledge gaps remain.
甲型流感病毒和乙型流感病毒（分别为 FLUAV 和 FLUBV）每年都会导致严重的呼吸道疾病、住院和死亡。尽管乙型流感病毒造成了至少 25%的年度疾病负担，但历史上对其研究较少。与由于其众多亚型和广泛的宿主范围而具有大流行潜力的甲型流感病毒不同，乙型流感病毒被认为仅限于人类，并且仅限于两个谱系。两种流感类型的血凝素（HA）都与以α2,6-或α2,3-唾液酸结尾的聚糖结合。对于甲型流感病毒，人类和禽源病毒的嗜性由 HA 可以容纳的末端唾液酸结构决定，禽源病毒结合α2,3 连接的唾液酸，而人类源病毒结合α2,6 连接的唾液酸。相比之下，关于乙型流感病毒受体结合及其对宿主嗜性的影响知之甚少。这篇综述讨论了关于乙型流感病毒受体特异性、HA 糖基化及其在病毒嗜性、进化和感染中的作用的现有文献。虽然重点是过去十几年的发现，但应该注意的是，目前测量病毒-聚糖相互作用的最新方法尚未应用于乙型流感病毒，并且仍然存在知识空白。
