Han Runpeng, Su Lishan, Cheng Liang
Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
Center for AIDS Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Sep 4;12(9):1012. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12091012.
The development of effective vaccines against infectious diseases remains a critical challenge in global health. Animal models play a crucial role in vaccine development by providing valuable insights into the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of immune response induction, which guide the design and formulation of vaccines. However, traditional animal models often inadequately recapitulate human immune responses. Humanized mice (hu-mice) models with a functional human immune system have emerged as invaluable tools in bridging the translational gap between preclinical research and clinical trials for human vaccine development. This review summarizes commonly used hu-mice models and advances in optimizing them to improve human immune responses. We review the application of humanized mice for human vaccine development with a focus on HIV-1 vaccines. We also discuss the remaining challenges and improvements needed for the currently available hu-mice models to better facilitate the development and testing of human vaccines for infectious diseases.
开发针对传染病的有效疫苗仍然是全球卫生领域的一项关键挑战。动物模型在疫苗开发中发挥着至关重要的作用，它能为免疫反应诱导的功效、安全性和机制提供有价值的见解，从而指导疫苗的设计和配方。然而，传统动物模型往往无法充分模拟人类免疫反应。具有功能性人类免疫系统的人源化小鼠模型已成为弥合人类疫苗开发临床前研究与临床试验之间转化差距的宝贵工具。本综述总结了常用的人源化小鼠模型以及在优化这些模型以改善人类免疫反应方面取得的进展。我们回顾了人源化小鼠在人类疫苗开发中的应用，重点是HIV-1疫苗。我们还讨论了当前可用的人源化小鼠模型为更好地促进人类传染病疫苗的开发和测试仍面临的挑战以及所需的改进。
