Ye Qi, Xie Jiahui, Xiao Haoran, Wang Junhui, Tian Wanrong, Wang Wenpei, Zhang Jinyuan, Chang Yaqing, Wang Luo, Yin Donghong, Ding Jun, Han Bing
Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Northern Aquatic Germplasm Resources and Genetics and Breeding, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Rd., Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, PR China.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 May;203(5):2858-2871. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04352-9. Epub 2024 Sep 28.
Selenium, iron, and zinc (Se, Fe, Zn) are essential trace elements crucial for animal growth, development, and immune protection, but they can be detrimental in excess. This study evaluates the impacts of Se, Fe and Zn on Apostichopus japonicus over a period of nine days, utilizing concentrations ranging from low to high: Se (0.20 µmol/L and 0.82 µmol/L), Fe (4.74 µmol/L and 18.96 µmol/L), Zn (1.88 µmol/L and 7.51 µmol/L). Concentrations of these trace elements in sea cucumbers increased with exposure time. Activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-PX enzymes were enhanced. Transcriptomic analyses of sea cucumber body wall revealed significant gene expression changes, with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) numbering 294 at high and 945 at low Se concentrations, 906 at high and 210 at low Fe concentrations, and 423 at high and 123 at low Zn concentrations. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses highlighted DEGs enrichment in critical metabolic and immune-related pathways, including DNA replication, arachidonic acid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. These results suggest that energy metabolism and immune regulation are pivotal in managing these elements, potentially enhancing sea cucumber immunity. This study enhances our comprehension of the physiological responses of sea cucumbers to trace elements and provides a theoretical basis for their use in aquaculture.
硒、铁和锌（Se、Fe、Zn）是动物生长、发育和免疫保护所必需的微量元素，但过量时可能有害。本研究在九天的时间里评估了硒、铁和锌对刺参的影响，采用了从低到高的浓度：硒（0.20微摩尔/升和0.82微摩尔/升）、铁（4.74微摩尔/升和18.96微摩尔/升）、锌（1.88微摩尔/升和7.51微摩尔/升）。海参体内这些微量元素的浓度随暴露时间增加。过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）的活性增强。对海参体壁的转录组分析显示基因表达有显著变化，在高硒浓度下差异表达基因（DEG）有294个，低硒浓度下有945个；高铁浓度下有906个，低铁浓度下有210个；高锌浓度下有423个，低锌浓度下有123个。基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路分析突出了DEG在关键代谢和免疫相关通路中的富集，包括DNA复制、花生四烯酸代谢和氧化磷酸化。这些结果表明能量代谢和免疫调节在处理这些元素中起关键作用，可能增强海参的免疫力。本研究增进了我们对海参对微量元素生理反应的理解，并为其在水产养殖中的应用提供了理论依据。
