College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
Bioresour Technol. 2024 Dec;413:131541. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131541. Epub 2024 Sep 26.
Despite anaerobic digestion having potential for pathogen reduction in sewage sludge, the behaviors of viruses as the primary health concern are rarely studied. This study investigated the inactivation kinetics and mechanisms of four typical virus surrogates with different structures in mesophilic (MAD) and thermophilic (TAD) anaerobic digestion of sludge. Virus inactivation in MAD was virus-type-dependent correspondingly to different function loss. Temperature drove the faster inactivation proceeding for enveloped Phi6, while temperature and ammonia were the critical inactivation factors for nonenveloped MS2, causing genome degradation and protein functional damage. Interaction with sludge solids played critical role in DNA viruses T4 and Phix174 inactivation via inducing host binding function damage. By comparison, TAD enhanced viral protein denaturation, bringing efficient inactivation with reducing heterogeneity among nonenveloped viruses. These insights into unique virus behaviors in anaerobic digestion systems can provide guidance for developing more effective disinfection protocols and improving sludge biosafety.
尽管厌氧消化在减少污水污泥中的病原体方面具有潜力，但作为主要健康关注点的病毒的行为却很少得到研究。本研究调查了四种不同结构的典型病毒替代物在中温（MAD）和高温（TAD）厌氧消化污泥中的失活动力学和机制。在 MAD 中，病毒失活与不同的功能丧失相应地取决于病毒类型。温度促进了包膜的 Phi6 的更快失活，而温度和氨是无包膜的 MS2 的关键失活因素，导致基因组降解和蛋白质功能损伤。与污泥固体的相互作用通过诱导宿主结合功能损伤在 DNA 病毒 T4 和 Phix174 的失活中起着关键作用。相比之下，TAD 增强了病毒蛋白的变性，有效灭活了非包膜病毒，减少了它们之间的异质性。这些对厌氧消化系统中独特病毒行为的了解可以为开发更有效的消毒方案和提高污泥生物安全性提供指导。
