Center for Diversity and Health Equity, Seattle Children's, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2024 Nov;67(11):1020-1038. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23663. Epub 2024 Sep 29.
Classism, sexism, racism, and nativism intersect to create inequitable conditions and health outcomes based on workers' social identities. This study describes the health status, work conditions, and nonwork conditions of the United States (U.S.) working-classed at the intersections of class, sex, racial, and nativity identities.
Descriptive statistics (e.g., frequencies, percentages) were calculated from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey data for the total working classed sample (N = 11,884) and 16 intersectional groupings. General and psychosocial health status, work factors, and access to resources outside of work were examined.
Intersectional analysis revealed divisions in work and nonwork conditions despite the majority of each grouping reporting very good/excellent health. The majority of the female Latine born-outside-U.S. grouping (60%) reported not having paid sick leave. The majority of the male Latine born-outside-U.S. grouping reported having neither paid sick leave (62%) nor health insurance (55%). The majority of the female Latine (53%), male Latine (60%), and male Black (55%) born-outside-U.S. groupings reported workplaces as less safe. The majority of the female Latine born-outside-U.S. grouping (53%) was the only grouping to report being moderately/very worried about being able to afford housing costs.
The health status and precarity of work and nonwork conditions of the U.S. working classed may be shaped by intersecting systems of power across class, sex, racial, and nativity identities. Intersectional analysis increases our purview to see who is most affected, how, and where, which can inform future opportunities to mitigate worker health inequities.
阶层主义、性别歧视、种族主义和本土主义相互交织，根据工人的社会身份，创造出不平等的条件和健康结果。本研究描述了美国（美国）工人阶级在阶层、性别、种族和原籍国身份交叉点的健康状况、工作条件和非工作条件。
从 2015 年全国健康访谈调查数据中计算出描述性统计数据（例如，频率、百分比），用于总工人阶级样本（N=11884）和 16 个交叉分组。检查了一般和心理社会健康状况、工作因素以及工作之外获得资源的情况。
尽管大多数人报告身体状况非常好/优秀，但交叉分析显示出工作和非工作条件的差异。大多数出生在国外的拉美裔女性（60%）报告没有带薪病假。大多数出生在国外的拉美裔男性（62%）报告既没有带薪病假，也没有健康保险（55%）。大多数出生在国外的拉美裔女性（53%）、拉美裔男性（60%）和非裔美国男性（55%）报告工作场所不太安全。大多数出生在国外的拉美裔女性（53%）是唯一报告对支付住房费用中度/非常担忧的群体。
美国工人阶级的健康状况和工作与非工作条件的脆弱性可能受到阶层、性别、种族和原籍国身份交叉的权力体系的影响。交叉分析增加了我们的视野，了解谁受到的影响最大，以及如何和在何处受到影响，这可以为未来减轻工人健康不平等的机会提供信息。
