Fortuni Federico, Ciliberti Giuseppe, Marsan Nina Ajmone, Delgado Victoria, Franchin Luca, Magnesa Michele, Spinelli Antonella, Vitale Enrica, Cangemi Stefano, Cornara Stefano, Gabrielli Domenico, Colivicchi Furio, Grimaldi Massimo, Oliva Fabrizio
S.C. Cardiologia ed UTIC, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista, Foligno (PG).
S.O.D. Clinica di Cardiologia e Aritmologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona.
G Ital Cardiol (Rome). 2024 Oct;25(10):699-710. doi: 10.1714/4336.43212.
Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infective process involving the endocardium and, more frequently, the native heart valves, valvular prostheses and cardiac implantable electronic devices. IE can manifest with various non-specific symptoms making the diagnosis challenging. This condition is associated with high in-hospital and long-term mortality. Therefore, it is particularly important to prevent it by implementing an adequate antibiotic prophylaxis especially in patients at high risk undergoing invasive procedures. Moreover, it is pivotal to promptly diagnose IE, detect the presence of local and systemic complications, establish appropriate antibiotic therapy and identify the indication and timing for surgical treatment. In this focused review, we will provide answers to the most common questions regarding the epidemiology, causes, prophylaxis, diagnosis and antibiotic and surgical treatment of IE.
感染性心内膜炎（IE）是一种累及心内膜的感染性疾病，更常见的是累及天然心脏瓣膜、人工瓣膜及心脏植入式电子设备。IE可表现为各种非特异性症状，这使得诊断具有挑战性。这种疾病与高住院率和长期死亡率相关。因此，通过实施适当的抗生素预防措施来预防IE尤为重要，特别是在进行侵入性操作的高危患者中。此外，及时诊断IE、检测局部和全身并发症的存在、确立适当的抗生素治疗以及确定手术治疗的指征和时机也至关重要。在这篇重点综述中，我们将回答有关IE的流行病学、病因、预防、诊断、抗生素及手术治疗的最常见问题。
