Horváthné Pató Irina, Kresznerits Szilvia, Erdélyi-Belle Boglárka, Szekeres Tamás, Perczel-Forintos Dóra
1 Szombathelyi Országos Büntetés-végrehajtási Intézet Szombathely Magyarország.
2 Semmelweis Egyetem, Doktori Iskola, Mentális Egészségtudományok Tagozat Budapest Magyarország.
Orv Hetil. 2024 Sep 29;165(39):1529-1538. doi: 10.1556/650.2024.33133.
Introduction: Based on international studies, the risk of suicidality is higher in prisons than in the general population, which can have serious consequences for both the individuals concerned and the prison community. Low levels of problem-solving skills had been shown as a major risk factor for suicidal behaviour, along with depression and hopelessness. Objective: The aim of our study is to assess the social problem-solving skills by the Means End Problem Solving Inventory in a sample of incarcerated people as well as to examine the association of these skills with suicide risk factors in order to establish future intervention possibilities. Method: In our multicentre cross-sectional questionnaire study, we recruited prisoners (n = 363) from four prisons and, for comparison, we recruited volunteers (n = 234) from the general population by online convenience sampling. For comparative studies, we created a matched sample by gender and age (nprisoner = 174, ncontrol = 174). An independent samples t-test was used for the comparative analysis, and Cohen’s d-test was used to measure the effect size of differences. Pearson’s correlation was used to test the association of problem-solving skills with suicidal risk variables (suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, perceived stress, impulsivity, subjective well-being). Tests applied: Means End Problem Solving Test; Hopelessness Scale – short version; Paykel Suicide Scale; Beck Depression Inventory – short version; Perceived Stress Scale; Abbreviated Barratt Impulsivity Scale; WHO Well-Being Index-5 item – Hungarian version. Results: The prison sample has significantly worse mental health indicators of suicide risk than the matched control group. The findings show that the prison population has more serious level of depression, more intense suicidal ideation, higher level of perceived stress and impulsivity as well as lower level of social problem-solving skills and psychological well-being. There was no significant relationship between the frequency of suicidal ideation and the level of problem-solving skills neither on the matched sample (n = 174), nor on the full incarcerated sample (n = 363). However, the frequency of suicide thoughts, hopelessness, depression, the level of perceived stress and impulsivity showed moderately positive significant relationship on the full incarcerated sample. Conclusion: Based on our results, it seems that in order to reduce suicide vulnerability, hopelessness, perceived stress and impulsivity among incarcerated people mindfulness interventions might be more effective than problem-solving training. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(39): 1529–1538.
基于国际研究，监狱中自杀倾向的风险高于普通人群，这对相关个体和监狱社区都会产生严重后果。低水平的问题解决能力已被证明是自杀行为的主要风险因素之一，此外还有抑郁和绝望情绪。目的：我们研究的目的是通过手段-目的问题解决量表评估被监禁人群样本的社会问题解决能力，并研究这些能力与自杀风险因素之间的关联，以便确定未来的干预可能性。方法：在我们的多中心横断面问卷调查研究中，我们从四所监狱招募了囚犯（n = 363），并通过在线便利抽样从普通人群中招募了志愿者（n = 234）作为对照。为了进行比较研究，我们按性别和年龄创建了一个匹配样本（囚犯n = 174，对照n = 174）。采用独立样本t检验进行比较分析，并用科恩d检验来衡量差异的效应大小。使用皮尔逊相关性检验问题解决能力与自杀风险变量（自杀意念、抑郁、绝望、感知压力、冲动性、主观幸福感）之间的关联。应用的测试：手段-目的问题解决测试；绝望量表简版；佩克尔自杀量表；贝克抑郁量表简版；感知压力量表；简明巴拉特冲动性量表；世界卫生组织幸福指数-5项匈牙利语版。结果：监狱样本的自杀风险心理健康指标明显比匹配的对照组差。研究结果表明，监狱人群的抑郁程度更严重，自杀意念更强烈，感知压力和冲动性水平更高，社会问题解决能力和心理健康水平更低。在匹配样本（n = 174）和整个被监禁样本（n = 363）中，自杀意念的频率与问题解决能力水平之间均无显著关系。然而，在整个被监禁样本中，自杀念头的频率、绝望情绪、抑郁、感知压力水平和冲动性之间呈现出中度正相关的显著关系。结论：根据我们的研究结果，为了降低被监禁人群的自杀易感性、绝望情绪、感知压力和冲动性，正念干预可能比问题解决训练更有效。《匈牙利医学周报》。2024年；165(39): 1529–1538。
