Energetic scaling behavior of patterned epithelium.

Cellular monolayers display various degrees of coordinated motion ranging from the small scale of just a few cells to large multi-cellular scales. This collective migration carries important physical cues for creating proper tissue morphology. Previous studies have demonstrated that the energetics of the epithelial monolayer show a linear variation with time in conjunction with an arrest in monolayer motion after confluency. However, little is known about how the energetics of monolayer development are affected by confined geometries. Here, we demonstrate that micropatterned epithelial monolayers display a non-linear change in energetic variables, which coincides with the large-scale coordination of migration. This non-linear scaling behavior was further seen to be associated with the biased alignment of cells and cell-cell adhesion. These findings provide a new understanding of how developing epithelia may be impacted by different conditions in vivo.