工作环境与住院医师的工作幸福感及职业倦怠。

Warner Megan E, Weinstein Ali A, Venkatesan Chalapathy, de Avila Leyla, Taori Maansi, Younossi Zobair M

Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.

Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Program, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.

J Hosp Med. 2025 Mar;20(3):229-237. doi: 10.1002/jhm.13506. Epub 2024 Sep 30.

BACKGROUND

Hospital medicine is the largest growing specialty in the United States. It is important to understand factors that are related to burnout and work well-being (WWB), both predictors of workforce retention.

OBJECTIVE

To examine the relationship between work environment factors and hospitalist burnout and WWB.

METHODS

An online cross-sectional survey was completed by hospitalists in July-October 2020. Burnout was assessed using the Mini-Z burnout scale and the Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory. WWB was assessed using the Work Well-Being Scale. Work structure variables included hours worked per week, frustration at work, safety level of clinical workload, lack of control over schedule, lack of control over daily work, continuity of patient care, and ability to optimize license. The current desire to practice medicine was also examined.

RESULTS

Eight-eight hospitalists participated. There were statistically significant differences between levels of safety of workload (F(2,85) = 9.70, p ≤.005), frustration at work (F(2,85) = 12.29, p ≤.005), control over schedule (F(2,85) = 3.17, p = .04), control over daily work (F(2,85) = 6.17, p = .003), and desire to practice medicine (F(2,85) = 42.34, p = <.005) with WWB. There were statistically significant associations between the presence of burnout and the safety of workload (χ = 8.167, p = .017), frustration at work (χ = 15.29, p = .005), control over daily work (χ = 12.48, p = .002), and desire to practice medicine (χ = 7.12, p = .03). WWB was positively associated with years as a hospitalist (r = .249, p = .02).

CONCLUSION

Work environment factors are associated with WWB and burnout. Modifiable work environment factors may offer a point of intervention for reducing burnout and enhancing WWB among hospitalists.

背景

医院医学是美国发展最快的专业领域。了解与职业倦怠和工作幸福感（WWB）相关的因素很重要，这两者都是劳动力留存的预测指标。

目的

研究工作环境因素与医院医生职业倦怠和工作幸福感之间的关系。

方法

2020年7月至10月，医院医生完成了一项在线横断面调查。使用Mini-Z职业倦怠量表和简化版马氏职业倦怠量表评估职业倦怠。使用工作幸福感量表评估工作幸福感。工作结构变量包括每周工作时长、工作中的挫败感、临床工作量的安全水平、对日程安排缺乏控制、对日常工作缺乏控制、患者护理的连续性以及优化执照的能力。还研究了当前从事医学工作的意愿。

结果

88名医院医生参与了调查。工作量安全水平（F(2,85) = 9.70，p≤.005）、工作中的挫败感（F(2,85) = 12.29，p≤.005）、对日程安排的控制（F(2,85) = 3.17，p =.04）、对日常工作的控制（F(2,85) = 6.17，p =.003）以及从事医学工作的意愿（F(2,85) = 42.34，p =<.005）与工作幸福感之间存在统计学上的显著差异。职业倦怠的存在与工作量安全水平（χ = 8.167，p =.017）、工作中的挫败感（χ = 15.29，p =.005）、对日常工作的控制（χ = 12.48，p =.002）以及从事医学工作的意愿（χ = 7.12，p =.03）之间存在统计学上的显著关联。工作幸福感与担任医院医生的年限呈正相关（r =.249，p =.02）。