Djataou Patrice, Djuidje Ngounoue Marceline, Nkenfou-Tchinda Carine Nguefeu, Ngoufack Marie Nicole, Elong Elise, Tiga Aline, Muluh Clifford, Kadji Kameni Joelle, Djaouda Moussa, Ndjolo Alexis, Nkenfou Celine Nguefeu
Chantal BIYA International Reference Center (CBIRC), Yaounde, Cameroon.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.
Front Genet. 2024 Sep 13;15:1447971. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1447971. eCollection 2024.
HIV infection and its progression to AIDS depend on several factors including host genetic factors. The immunological mechanisms of host resistance to HIV infection greatly influence the prevalence of HIV in a given region. Worldwide, Cameroon not exempted, the frequency of AIDS-associated genes varies and may influence this prevalence. The North and Far North Regions of Cameroon have had the lowest HIV prevalence in the country for many years despite risky behaviors associated with their customs and habits. In this work, we seek to explore the contribution of host genes to the HIV low prevalence in these regions.
Five genes variants previously described as HIV AIDS related were studied. These genes are: , , and . A total of 384 consented participants were included in this study. The HIV serological status was confirmed using national algorithm. Genomic DNA was extracted from the buffy coats and used for genotyping. The results obtained were compiled in Excel 2016, Epi Info 7.1 and snpStats software and Chi two tests allowed us to compare the frequencies of the AIDS related alleles in the North with those in other Regions of Cameroon and to measure the impact of these ARGs on protection against HIV.
The frequency of protective alleles and was the allelic frequencies should be expressed as percentages i.e. 0.52%; 37.56%; 36.46%; 25.19% and 69.33%. These allelic frequencies exhibited a significant difference when compared to those obtained in other regions of Cameroon (). Protective alleles were predominant in the Northern region compared to others and were associated with resistance to HIV [(); OR = 2.02 CI, 95%].
The higher frequency of HIV-protective alleles in the northern regions may be a contributing factor to the lower prevalence of HIV. Nevertheless, this should be reinforced by other preventive and surveillance methods to guarantee the sustained low prevalence. HIV can develop resistance through the process of mutation, but the host targets themselves are genetically stable. The study of these host genetic restriction factors is of great value in the design of a practical cure for HIV infection or an effective vaccine.
HIV感染及其向艾滋病的进展取决于多种因素，包括宿主遗传因素。宿主对HIV感染的免疫抵抗机制在很大程度上影响着特定地区HIV的流行率。在全球范围内，包括喀麦隆在内，与艾滋病相关基因的频率各不相同，可能会影响这种流行率。尽管喀麦隆的北部和远北地区存在与当地习俗和习惯相关的危险行为，但多年来该国这些地区的HIV流行率却是最低的。在这项研究中，我们试图探究宿主基因对这些地区HIV低流行率的作用。
研究了先前描述的五个与HIV-艾滋病相关的基因变体。这些基因分别是：[具体基因1]、[具体基因2]、[具体基因3]、[具体基因4]和[具体基因5]。本研究共纳入了384名同意参与的受试者。使用国家算法确认HIV血清学状态。从血沉棕黄层中提取基因组DNA并用于基因分型。将获得的结果整理到Excel 2016、Epi Info 7.1和snpStats软件中，通过卡方检验使我们能够比较北部地区与喀麦隆其他地区艾滋病相关等位基因的频率，并衡量这些艾滋病相关基因对预防HIV的影响。
保护性等位基因[具体基因1]和[具体基因2]的频率分别为[具体基因1频率]；[具体基因2频率]；[具体基因3频率]；[具体基因4频率]和[具体基因5频率]，等位基因频率应以百分比表示，即0.52%；37.56%；36.46%；25.19%和69.33%。与在喀麦隆其他地区获得的频率相比，这些等位基因频率存在显著差异（[具体差异情况]）。与其他地区相比，保护性等位基因在北部地区占主导地位，并与对HIV的抗性相关[（[具体关联情况]）；比值比=2.02，95%置信区间]。
北部地区较高频率的HIV保护性等位基因可能是该地区较低HIV流行率的一个促成因素。然而，这需要通过其他预防和监测方法加以强化，以确保持续的低流行率。HIV可通过突变过程产生耐药性，但宿主靶点本身在遗传上是稳定的。研究这些宿主遗传限制因素对于设计治疗HIV感染的实用疗法或有效的疫苗具有重要价值。
