Lohmann Lars Hubertus, Zech Astrid, Plöschberger Gerit, Oraže Manuel, Jochum Daniel, Warneke Konstantin
Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
Institute of Sport Science, Alpen-Adria University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 Sep 13;11:1451180. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1451180. eCollection 2024.
Balance is a multifactorial construct with high relevance in, e.g., everyday life activities. Apart from sensorimotor control, muscle strength and size are positively linked with balance performance. While commonly trained for via resistance training, stretch training has emerged as a potential substitution in specific conditions. However, no review has investigated potential effects of stretching on balance, yet.
PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched with inception to February, 2024. Studies were included if they examined acute and/or chronic effects of any stretching type against passive and/or active controls on balance parameters - without any population-related restrictions concerning sex/gender, age, health status, activity level. Methodological quality was assessed using PEDro scale. Meta-analyses were performed if two or more studies reported on the same outcome. Certainty of evidence was determined based on GRADE criteria.
Eighteen acute and eleven chronic effect studies were included. Stretching studies exhibited significant improvements for sway parameters with eyes open against passive controls of moderate magnitude for chronic (ES: 0.63, = 0.047) and of small magnitude for acute studies (ES: 0.21, = 0.032). Most other subgroups against passive controls as well as actively-controlled comparisons resulted in trivial and/or non-significant effects.
Even though some pooled effects slightly reached the level of significance, the overall results are biased by (very) low certainty of evidence (GRADE criteria downgrading for risk of bias, imprecision, publication bias). Moderators suggested by literature (strength, muscle size, flexibility, proprioception) were rarely assessed, which prevents conclusive final statements and calls for further, high quality evidence to clarify potential mechanisms-if any exist.
平衡是一个多因素概念，在例如日常生活活动中具有高度相关性。除了感觉运动控制外，肌肉力量和大小与平衡能力呈正相关。虽然通常通过阻力训练进行训练，但伸展训练已成为特定条件下的一种潜在替代方法。然而，尚无综述研究伸展对平衡的潜在影响。
检索了截至2024年2月的PubMed、科学网和Scopus数据库。如果研究考察了任何伸展类型对平衡参数的急性和/或慢性影响，并与被动和/或主动对照组进行比较，且对性别、年龄、健康状况、活动水平没有任何与人群相关的限制，则纳入该研究。使用PEDro量表评估方法学质量。如果两项或更多研究报告了相同的结果，则进行荟萃分析。根据GRADE标准确定证据的确定性。
纳入了18项急性效应研究和11项慢性效应研究。伸展研究显示，与被动对照组相比，睁眼时摇摆参数有显著改善，慢性研究中改善程度中等（效应量：0.63，P = 0.047），急性研究中改善程度较小（效应量：0.21，P = 0.032）。与被动对照组以及主动控制组比较的大多数其他亚组结果显示为微小和/或不显著的效应。
尽管一些合并效应略微达到显著水平，但总体结果因证据的确定性（非常）低而存在偏差（根据GRADE标准，因偏倚风险、不精确性、发表偏倚而降级）。文献中提出的调节因素（力量、肌肉大小、柔韧性、本体感觉）很少被评估，这使得无法得出确凿的最终结论，并呼吁进一步提供高质量证据以阐明潜在机制（如果存在的话）。
