Jacka Brendan P, Lin Nelson, Kiefer Reina, Forkus Shannon R, Raudales Alexa M, Thomas Emmanuel D, Samuels Elizabeth A, Marshall Brandon D L, Weiss Nicole H
Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, School of Public Health.
Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island.
Psychol Trauma. 2025 Jan;17(1):207-215. doi: 10.1037/tra0001781. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
Fatal and nonfatal overdoses involving opioids have increased to crisis levels in recent years. Laypersons have been increasingly tasked with responding to these events by administering naloxone, performing rescue breaths/cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and calling for medical assistance. However, little is known about the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to opioid overdose responding among laypersons. To this end, we sought to determine the factors associated with PTSD stemming from responding to an opioid overdose event.
From April 2021 to October 2021, structured interviews were conducted with layperson responders who had responded to an opioid overdose. Participants were administered structured diagnostic interviews, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for ), and completed validated self-report measures.
In total, 101 layperson adults who responded to an opioid overdose were recruited for the present study (: 34, 65% identified as women, 79% as White, and 11% as Hispanic/Latino). Of the 80 participants who completed the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5, 100% met Criteria A for PTSD related to overdose responding, and over one quarter (27.5%) met current PTSD diagnosis criteria related to overdose responding. Current PTSD related to overdose responding was associated with depression symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms, and presence of law enforcement or professional first responders during the most distressing overdose responding event.
Responding to opioid overdoses is traumatizing for many and results in a considerable burden of PTSD among layperson responders. As such, we call for trauma-informed interventions that cater to the unique experiences of layperson opioid overdose responders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
近年来，涉及阿片类药物的致命和非致命过量用药已增至危机水平。外行人越来越多地承担起应对这些事件的任务，包括使用纳洛酮、进行人工呼吸/心肺复苏以及呼叫医疗救助。然而，对于外行人在应对阿片类药物过量用药事件时与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）发展相关的情况知之甚少。为此，我们试图确定与应对阿片类药物过量用药事件引发的PTSD相关的因素。
2021年4月至2021年10月，对曾应对阿片类药物过量用药事件的外行人反应者进行了结构化访谈。对参与者进行了结构化诊断访谈、临床医生管理的PTSD量表（用于），并完成了经过验证的自我报告测量。
本研究共招募了101名应对过阿片类药物过量用药事件的外行人成年人（：34名，65%为女性，79%为白人，11%为西班牙裔/拉丁裔）。在80名完成临床医生管理的DSM-5 PTSD量表的参与者中，100%符合与过量用药应对相关的PTSD A标准，超过四分之一（27.5%）符合与过量用药应对相关的当前PTSD诊断标准。与过量用药应对相关的当前PTSD与抑郁症状、广泛性焦虑症状以及在最痛苦的过量用药应对事件中有执法人员或专业急救人员在场有关。
应对阿片类药物过量用药事件对许多人来说是创伤性的，并在外行人反应者中导致了相当大的PTSD负担。因此，我们呼吁开展考虑到外行人阿片类药物过量用药反应者独特经历的创伤知情干预措施。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2025美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
