Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Andlinger Center for Energy Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Oct 8;121(41):e2408936121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2408936121. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
We assess racial disparities in the service quality of app-based ride-hailing services, like Uber and Lyft, by simulating their operations in the city of Chicago using empirical data. To generate driver cancellation rate disparities consistent with controlled experiments (up to twice as large for Black riders as for White riders), we estimate that more than 3% of drivers discriminate by race. We find that the capabilities of ride-hailing technology to rapidly rematch after a cancellation and prioritize long-waiting customers heavily mitigates the effects of driver discrimination on rider wait times, reducing average discrimination-induced disparities to less than 1 min-an order of magnitude less than traditional taxis. However, our results suggest that even in the absence of direct driver discrimination, Black riders in Chicago wait about 50% longer, on average, than White riders because of historically informed geographic residential patterns. We estimate that if Black riders in the city had the same wait times as White riders, the collective travel time saved would be worth $4.2 million to $7.0 million per year.
我们通过使用实证数据模拟优步（Uber）和来福车（Lyft）等基于应用程序的叫车服务在芝加哥市的运营情况，评估了这些服务在服务质量方面的种族差异。为了生成与对照实验一致的司机取消率差异（黑人乘客的取消率比白人乘客高两倍），我们估计超过 3%的司机存在种族歧视。我们发现，叫车技术在取消后迅速重新匹配和优先考虑长时间等待的乘客的能力，大大减轻了司机歧视对乘客等待时间的影响，将平均歧视引起的差异减少到不到 1 分钟——这一数字比传统出租车低了一个数量级。然而，我们的结果表明，即使没有直接的司机歧视，由于历史上形成的居住模式，芝加哥的黑人乘客的平均等待时间也比白人乘客长约 50%。我们估计，如果该市的黑人乘客等待时间与白人乘客相同，每年节省的集体旅行时间将价值 420 万至 700 万美元。
