School of Ecology & Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
School of Life & Health, Marine Science & Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Sep 30;196(10):989. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-13135-7.
The Changwang, Meishe, and Wuyuan are urban rivers in Haikou City, Hainan Island. They are vital water sources, serving various purposes, from farmland irrigation to domestic and industrial use. Unfortunately, anthropogenic activities have influenced these "rivers," negatively impacting water quality and ecological functions; however, there is limited research on their ecological status. Thus, this study assessed the zooplankton community structure and developed the zooplankton index of biotic integrity (Z-IBI) to evaluate the ecological status. Samples were collected and analyzed seasonally in 2019. Generally, 159 zooplankton species belonging to 85 genera, 55 families, and 3 phyla were identified, dominated by Rotifer and Protozoa, followed by Arthropoda (groups of Copepod and Cladocera). The zooplankton density varied from 0.00 to 126.04 ind L, with averages of 19.49 ind L, 31.40 ind L, and 20.38 ind L in Changwang, Meishe, and Wuyuan, respectively. The zooplankton density varied seasonally as summer > spring > winter > autumn. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) indicated a significant seasonal difference (R = 0.070, p < 0.001) in zooplankton community but not spatially (R = 0.004, p = 0.413). Thus, SIMPER revealed that Brachionus forficula, Didinium nasutum, Keratella valga, Nauplius, and Polyarthra vulgaris contributed to the seasonal differences. The redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed environmental factors, including total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH-N), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, pH, Chl-a, and electrical conductivity (EC) influenced zooplankton species. The Z-IBI was established using Zooplankton abundance, Protozoa abundance, Copepod abundance, Cladoceran biomass %, and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Based on Z-IBI evaluation, ecological status was "moderate" in Changwang and Wuyuan, while it was "low" in Meishe. Seasonally, the ecological status in autumn was better than in summer and spring. The Z-IBI showed that parameters, including pH, EC, COD, TN, TP, and Chl-a, decreased with improving water quality, while water transparency increased with improved water quality. Thus, the "rivers" ecological status could be adequately assessed using the Z-IBI to guide their water quality monitoring and management.
昌旺、美舍和五源河是海南岛海口市的城市河流。它们是重要的水源，用于农田灌溉、生活和工业等多种用途。然而，人为活动影响了这些“河流”，导致水质和生态功能下降。但是，目前对它们的生态状况的研究还很有限。因此，本研究评估了浮游动物群落结构，并开发了浮游动物生物完整性指数（Z-IBI）来评估生态状况。2019 年，我们按季节采集并分析了样本。结果表明，共鉴定出浮游动物 159 种，隶属于 85 属、55 科和 3 门，以轮虫和原生动物为主，其次是节肢动物（包括桡足类和枝角类）。浮游动物密度范围为 0.00 至 126.04 个 ind·L，昌旺、美舍和五源河的平均密度分别为 19.49、31.40 和 20.38 个 ind·L。浮游动物密度呈季节性变化，夏季最高，春季次之，冬季最低，秋季最高。相似性分析（ANOSIM）表明，浮游动物群落存在显著的季节性差异（R=0.070，p<0.001），但空间差异不显著（R=0.004，p=0.413）。因此，SIMPER 分析表明，盘状鞍甲轮虫、砂壳虫、中剑水蚤、无节幼体和普通表壳虫对季节性差异有贡献。冗余分析（RDA）表明，总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH-N）、化学需氧量（COD）、溶解氧（DO）、温度、pH 值、Chl-a 和电导率（EC）等环境因素影响浮游动物的物种组成。Z-IBI 是利用浮游动物丰度、原生动物丰度、桡足类丰度、枝角类生物量%和 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数建立的。根据 Z-IBI 评价，昌旺和五源河的生态状况为“中等”，美舍的生态状况为“低等”。从季节上看，秋季的生态状况好于夏季和春季。Z-IBI 表明，随着水质的改善，pH 值、EC、COD、TN、TP 和 Chl-a 等参数下降，而透明度增加。因此，Z-IBI 可以充分评估“河流”的生态状况，为其水质监测和管理提供指导。
