Decellularised extracellular matrix-based injectable hydrogels for tissue engineering applications.

Decellularised extracellular matrix (dECM) is a biomaterial derived from natural tissues that has attracted considerable attention from tissue engineering researchers due to its exceptional biocompatibility and malleability attributes. These advantageous properties often facilitate natural cell infiltration and tissue reconstruction for regenerative medicine. Due to their excellent fluidity, the injectable hydrogels can be administered in a liquid state and subsequently formed into a gel state in vivo, stabilising the target area and serving in a variety of ways, such as support, repair, and drug release functions. Thus, dECM-based injectable hydrogels have broad prospects for application in complex organ structures and various tissue injury models. This review focuses on exploring research advances in dECM-based injectable hydrogels, primarily focusing on the applications and prospects of dECM hydrogels in tissue engineering. Initially, the recent developments of the dECM-based injectable hydrogels are explained, summarising the different preparation methods with the evaluation of injectable hydrogel properties. Furthermore, some specific examples of the applicability of dECM-based injectable hydrogels are presented. Finally, we summarise the article with interesting prospects and challenges of dECM-based injectable hydrogels, providing insights into the development of these composites in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.