Survival Outcomes of Total Laryngectomy: Evaluating the Intersection of Race and Social Determinants.

OBJECTIVE

Analyze joint effects of race and social determinants on survival outcomes for patients undergoing total laryngectomy for advanced or recurrent laryngeal cancer at a tertiary care institute.

METHODS

Retrospective chart review of adult patients undergoing total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer at a tertiary care center from 2013 to 2020. Extracted data included demographics, pathological staging and features, treatment modalities, and outcomes such as recurrence, fistula formation, and 2- and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was calculated for each patient.

RESULTS

Among 185 patients identified, 113 were Black (61.1%) and 69 were White (37.3%). No significant differences were observed between racial groups regarding age, gender, ADI, or cancer stage. There was no significant difference in 2-year DFS/OS between groups. ADI was comparable between racial groups, with the majority in the highest deprivation quintile (63.8% of Whites vs. 62.5% of Blacks). No significant differences were observed in gender, race, cancer stage, positive margins, extracapsular extension, or smoking status among ADI quintiles. We observed a significant difference in 2-year DFS stratified by ADI (p = 0.025). Stratifying by ADI and race revealed improved survival of White patients in lower quintiles but higher survival of Black patients in the highest disparity quintile (p = 0.013).

CONCLUSION

Overall, survival outcomes by race were comparable among laryngectomy patients, but there was a significant difference in 2-year DFS when stratified by ADI. Further research into survival outcomes related to social determinants is needed to better delineate their effects on head and neck cancer outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

3 Laryngoscope, 135:716-722, 2025.