Hart Kristin A, Trueman Benjamin, Halfyard Edmund A, Sterling Shannon M
Hydrology and Climate Change Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2024 Dec;43(12):2545-2556. doi: 10.1002/etc.5997. Epub 2024 Oct 1.
Elevated concentrations of toxic cationic aluminum (Al) are symptomatic of terrestrial and freshwater acidification and are particularly toxic to salmonid fish species such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Speciated metal samples are rarely included in standard water monitoring protocols, and therefore the processes affecting Al dynamics in freshwater remain poorly understood. Previous analysis of Al concentrations in Nova Scotia (Canada) rivers found that the majority of study rivers had concentrations exceeding the threshold for aquatic health, but a wide-scale survey of Al in Nova Scotia has not taken place since 2006 (Dennis, I. F., & Clair, T. A., 2012, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 69(7), 1174-1183). The observed levels of dissolved aluminum in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers of Atlantic Canada have potential serious and harmful effects for aquatic populations. We present the findings of the first large-scale assessment of the Al status of Nova Scotia rivers in 17 years; we measured Al concentrations and other water chemistry parameters at 150 sites throughout the Southern Uplands region of Nova Scotia from 2015 to 2022. We found that Al concentrations exceeded toxic thresholds at least once during the study period at 80% of the study sites and that Al concentrations increased during the study period at all four large-sample study sites. Modeling of relationships between Al concentrations and other water chemistry parameters showed that the most important predictors of Al are concentrations of the dissolved fractions of Al, iron, titanium, and calcium, as well as dissolved organic carbon and fluoride. We developed a fully Bayesian linear mixed model to predict Al concentrations from a test data set within 15 μg/L. This model may be a valuable tool to predict Al concentrations in rivers and to prioritize areas where Al should be monitored. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2545-2556. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
有毒阳离子铝（Al）浓度升高是陆地和淡水酸化的症状，对大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）等鲑科鱼类具有特别的毒性。标准水监测方案中很少包括特定形态的金属样本，因此影响淡水铝动态变化的过程仍知之甚少。先前对加拿大新斯科舍省河流中铝浓度的分析发现，大多数研究河流的浓度超过了水生生物健康的阈值，但自2006年以来尚未对新斯科舍省的铝进行大规模调查（丹尼斯，I.F.，& 克莱尔，T.A.，2012年，《加拿大渔业与水产科学杂志》，69(7)，1174 - 1183）。在加拿大大西洋地区的大西洋鲑（Salmo salar）河流中观察到的溶解铝水平对水生生物种群可能具有严重的有害影响。我们展示了17年来对新斯科舍省河流铝状况的首次大规模评估结果；我们在2015年至2022年期间，对新斯科舍省南部高地地区的150个地点测量了铝浓度和其他水化学参数。我们发现，在研究期间，80%的研究地点铝浓度至少有一次超过毒性阈值，并且在所有四个大样本研究地点，铝浓度在研究期间都有所增加。铝浓度与其他水化学参数之间关系的建模表明，铝的最重要预测因子是铝、铁、钛和钙的溶解部分的浓度，以及溶解有机碳和氟化物。我们开发了一个完全贝叶斯线性混合模型，以在15μg/L范围内从测试数据集中预测铝浓度。该模型可能是预测河流中铝浓度以及确定应监测铝的优先区域的有价值工具。《环境毒理学与化学》2024年；43:2545 - 2556。© 2024作者。《环境毒理学与化学》由威利期刊有限责任公司代表SETAC出版。
