Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
Clin Nutr. 2024 Nov;43(11):69-79. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.026. Epub 2024 Sep 17.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Limited observational evidence suggests that a higher intake of high-fat dairy may be associated with lower prediabetes risk, while opposite associations have been observed for low-fat milk intake. This study aimed to examine associations between baseline and changes in dairy consumption, risk of prediabetes, and glycaemic status.
7521 participants from the prospective UK Fenland study were included (mean age 48.7 ± 2.0 years, 51.9 % female). Dairy intake was measured using self-reported food frequency questionnaires. Associations with prediabetes risk and glycaemic status were analysed using Poisson regression models adjusted for social demographics, health behaviours, family history of diabetes and food group intake.
At a mean follow-up of 6.7 ± 2.0 years, 290 participants developed prediabetes (4.3 %). Most dairy products were not significantly associated with prediabetes risk. A higher baseline intake of high-fat dairy (RR 1.20, 95%CI 1.03-1.39) and high-fat milk (RR 1.22, 1.01-1.47) were associated with higher prediabetes risk. Conversely, low-fat milk was associated with lower prediabetes risk (RR 0.86, 0.75-0.98). In the analyses evaluating dietary changes over time, increases in high-fat milk were inversely associated with risk of progressing from normoglycaemia to prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (RR 0.86, 95%CI 0.75-0.99).
This population-based study showed that most dairy products are not associated with prediabetes risk or progression in glycaemic status. Positive associations of high-fat dairy, high-fat milk, and the inverse association of low-fat milk with prediabetes risk found were inconsistent with prior literature and suggestive of the need for future research on environmental, behavioural, and biological factors that explain the available evidence.
有限的观察性证据表明，较高的高脂肪乳制品摄入量可能与较低的糖尿病前期风险相关，而低脂肪牛奶的摄入量则相反。本研究旨在检查基线和乳制品摄入量变化与糖尿病前期风险和血糖状态之间的关系。
本研究纳入了前瞻性英国芬兰研究的 7521 名参与者（平均年龄 48.7±2.0 岁，51.9%为女性）。乳制品摄入量通过自我报告的食物频率问卷进行测量。使用泊松回归模型分析糖尿病前期风险和血糖状态与乳制品摄入量的相关性，模型调整了社会人口统计学因素、健康行为、糖尿病家族史和食物组摄入量。
在平均 6.7±2.0 年的随访中，290 名参与者发展为糖尿病前期（4.3%）。大多数乳制品与糖尿病前期风险无显著相关性。较高的基线高脂肪乳制品（RR 1.20，95%CI 1.03-1.39）和高脂肪牛奶（RR 1.22，1.01-1.47）摄入量与较高的糖尿病前期风险相关。相反，低脂肪牛奶与较低的糖尿病前期风险相关（RR 0.86，0.75-0.98）。在评估随时间变化的饮食变化的分析中，高脂肪牛奶摄入量的增加与从正常血糖向糖尿病前期或 2 型糖尿病进展的风险呈负相关（RR 0.86，95%CI 0.75-0.99）。
本基于人群的研究表明，大多数乳制品与糖尿病前期风险或血糖状态的进展无关。本研究发现高脂肪乳制品、高脂肪牛奶与糖尿病前期风险呈正相关，以及低脂肪牛奶与糖尿病前期风险呈负相关，这与先前的文献不一致，表明需要进一步研究环境、行为和生物学因素来解释现有证据。
