Liang Yunzheng, Wang Deyu, Yu Huimin, Wu Xuan, Lu Yi, Yang Xiaofei, Owens Gary, Xu Haolan
Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia.
International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
Sci Bull (Beijing). 2024 Nov 30;69(22):3590-3617. doi: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.09.015. Epub 2024 Sep 13.
Interfacial solar evaporation (ISE) has emerged as a promising technology to alleviate global water scarcity via energy-efficient purification of both wastewater and seawater. While ISE was originally identified and developed during studies of simple double-layered two-dimensional (2D) evaporators, observed limitations in evaporation rate and functionality soon led to the development of three-dimensional (3D) evaporators, which is now recognized as one of the most pivotal milestones in the research field. 3D evaporators significantly enhance the evaporation rates beyond the theoretical limits of 2D evaporators. Furthermore, 3D evaporators could have multifaceted functionalities originating from various functional evaporation surfaces and 3D structures. This review summarizes recent advances in 3D evaporators, focusing on rational design, fabrication and energy nexus of 3D evaporators, and the derivative functions for improving solar evaporation performance and exploring novel applications. Future research prospects are also proposed based on the in-depth understanding of the fundamental aspects of 3D evaporators and the requirements for practical applications.
界面太阳能蒸发（ISE）已成为一项很有前景的技术，可通过对废水和海水进行节能净化来缓解全球水资源短缺问题。虽然ISE最初是在对简单双层二维（2D）蒸发器的研究中被发现和开发的，但观察到的蒸发速率和功能方面的局限性很快促使了三维（3D）蒸发器的发展，这如今被视为该研究领域最关键的里程碑之一。3D蒸发器显著提高了蒸发速率，超越了2D蒸发器的理论极限。此外，3D蒸发器可以具有源自各种功能蒸发表面和3D结构的多方面功能。本综述总结了3D蒸发器的最新进展，重点关注3D蒸发器的合理设计、制造和能量关联，以及用于提高太阳能蒸发性能和探索新应用的衍生功能。基于对3D蒸发器基本方面的深入理解和实际应用的要求，还提出了未来的研究前景。
