Lüskow Florian, Bezio Nicholas, Caputo Luciano, Chi Xupeng, Dumont Henri J, Karunarathne Krishan D, López-González Pablo J, Mańko Maciej K, Marchessaux Guillaume, Suzuki Kentaro S, Pakhomov Evgeny A
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada.
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada.
Ecol Evol. 2024 Sep 29;14(10):e70350. doi: 10.1002/ece3.70350. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Freshwater jellyfish (= limnic medusa-budding hydrozoans, FWJ) are a small group of cnidarians found on all continents except Antarctica in temperate to tropical latitudes. Members of this group belong primarily to three genera: , , and . While and are typically restricted to the islands of Japan, Africa, and the Indian subcontinent, one species or potential species complex, , became globally invasive. Despite research going back about one-and-a-half centuries, little is known about their phylogeny and ecology compared to marine jellyfish. Recent species distribution modelling, however, showed that by 2050, will potentially extend their distribution ranges due to global warming to high-latitude ecosystems and be present (medusa stage) for an extended time in the seasonal limnic production cycle. An increase in their relative ecological importance with temporal and spatial spreading is hypothesised. Only recently, it has been shown that the trophic roles of polyps and medusae and their prey overlap with other ecosystem members. In addition, medusa behaviour may cause trophic cascades and alter vertical nutrient distributions. However, polyps and other benthic life cycle stages are understudied. In globally, changing freshwater ecosystems that may become more accommodating for FWJ, an improved understanding of their population biology and ecosystem ecology is urgently needed. In this integrative review, we, therefore, explore reasons for the hampered historical research progress, contrast developments with those of marine cnidarians, compile and publish alongside an extensive and unprecedented literature database, and formulate avenues for future directions in FWJ research.
淡水水母（= 淡水水螅水母类，FWJ）是一小群刺胞动物，在除南极洲以外的所有大陆的温带至热带纬度地区均有发现。该类群的成员主要属于三个属： 、 和 。虽然 和 通常局限于日本列岛、非洲和印度次大陆，但一个物种或潜在的物种复合体， ，已成为全球入侵物种。尽管相关研究可追溯到大约一个半世纪前，但与海洋水母相比，人们对它们的系统发育和生态学了解甚少。然而，最近的物种分布模型显示，到2050年，由于全球变暖， 可能会将其分布范围扩展到高纬度生态系统，并在季节性淡水生产周期中更长时间地出现（水母体阶段）。据推测，随着它们在时间和空间上的扩散，其相对生态重要性会增加。直到最近，才有人表明水螅体和水母体及其猎物的营养作用与其他生态系统成员存在重叠。此外，水母体的行为可能会导致营养级联反应并改变垂直营养分布。然而，水螅体和其他底栖生命周期阶段的研究较少。在全球范围内，淡水生态系统不断变化，可能会对FWJ更具包容性，因此迫切需要更好地了解它们的种群生物学和生态系统生态学。在这篇综合综述中，我们因此探讨了阻碍历史研究进展的原因，将其发展与海洋刺胞动物的发展进行对比，编制并发布了一个广泛且前所未有的文献数据库，并为FWJ研究的未来方向制定了途径。
