Liu Zhaolong, Feng Pan, Liu Ruidan, Yuan Long, Meng Xiangyu, Tao Guanghui, Chen Jian, Ran Qianping, Hong Jinxiang, Liu Jiaping, Miao Changwen
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Construction Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials, Nanjing 210008, China.
Natl Sci Rev. 2024 Sep 4;11(10):nwae309. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwae309. eCollection 2024 Oct.
The significant volume of existing buildings and ongoing annual construction of infrastructure underscore the vast potential for integrating large-scale energy-storage solutions into these structures. Herein, we propose an innovative approach for developing structural and scalable energy-storage systems by integrating safe and cost-effective zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors into cement mortar, which is the predominant material used for structural purposes. By performing air entrainment and leveraging the adverse reaction of the ZnSO electrolyte, we can engineer an aerated cement mortar with a multiscale pore structure that exhibits dual functionality: effective ion conductivity in the form of a cell separator and a robust load-bearing capacity that contributes to structural integrity. Consequently, a hybrid supercapacitor building block consisting of a tailored cement mortar, zinc metal anode and active carbon cathode demonstrates exceptional specific energy density (71.4 Wh kg at 68.7 W kg), high areal energy density (2.0 Wh m at 1.9 W m), favorable cycling stability (∼92% capacity retention after 1000 cycles) and exceptional safety (endurance in a 1-hour combustion test). By demonstrating the scalability of the structural energy-storage system coupled with solar energy generation, this new device exhibits great potential to revolutionize energy-storage systems.
现有建筑的大量存量以及基础设施的持续年度建设，凸显了将大规模储能解决方案集成到这些建筑结构中的巨大潜力。在此，我们提出一种创新方法，通过将安全且经济高效的锌离子混合超级电容器集成到水泥砂浆中，来开发结构化且可扩展的储能系统，水泥砂浆是用于结构用途的主要材料。通过进行引气并利用硫酸锌电解质的不良反应，我们可以设计出一种具有多尺度孔隙结构的加气水泥砂浆，它具有双重功能：以电池隔膜的形式实现有效的离子传导性，以及有助于结构完整性的强大承载能力。因此，由定制水泥砂浆、锌金属阳极和活性炭阴极组成的混合超级电容器构建块展现出卓越的比能量密度（在68.7 W/kg时为71.4 Wh/kg）、高面积能量密度（在1.9 W/m²时为2.0 Wh/m²）、良好的循环稳定性（1000次循环后容量保持率约为92%）以及卓越的安全性（在1小时燃烧测试中的耐久性）。通过展示与太阳能发电相结合的结构储能系统的可扩展性，这种新装置展现出革新储能系统的巨大潜力。
