The Effect of Tolvaptan on Metabolism and Electrolyte Homeostasis in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the effect of tolvaptan on metabolism and electrolyte homeostasis in patients with heart failure (HF).

METHODS

Literature databases, such as PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and WanFang Data, were systematically searched for relevant trials from inception to November 4, 2023. We used the fixed effect model to combine the effect sizes and used to test heterogeneity. Funnel plots were plotted to assess publication bias.

RESULTS

16 studies were eligible for further analysis. No significant differences were identified in the incidence of hyperuricemia between the tolvaptan group and the placebo group (odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.97 to 1.55, = 0.09). Tolvaptan decreased the levels of blood uric acid compared to traditional diuretics (mean difference (MD) = -82.8, 95% CI = -96.48 to -69.13, < 0.00001). There was no significant difference in hypernatremia (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 0.66 to 3.96, = 0.29) and hyperkalemia (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.48, = 0.18) between the tolvaptan and control groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Tolvaptan reduced the level of blood uric acid compared to conventional diuretics, and could be used as a substitute for traditional diuretics for HF patients with a high risk of gout.