Teixeira Natércia, Avó João, Cruz Hugo, Moniz Tânia, Rangel Maria, de Freitas Victor, Lima João C, Melo Maria J, Pina Fernando
REQUIMTE-Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
REQUIMTE-Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Campus Caparica, 2829-516, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
Chemphyschem. 2025 Jan 2;26(1):e202400859. doi: 10.1002/cphc.202400859. Epub 2024 Nov 9.
Iron-gall inks, a vital part of our written cultural heritage, are at risk of complete loss due to degradation, a potential loss that we must urgently address. These inks are based on Fe-complexes with phenolic compounds, which grow to form a complex network of iron oxyhydroxides. Over time, these black inks turn into brownish tones, with extensive degradation in paper support leading to extensive breaking. The kinetics of iron-gall ink preparation explains the use of iron sulfate, FeSO, in all ancient recipes to obtain a stable amorphous ink. The novelty of this work shows that a low ratio of Fe/polyphenol is a crucial factor in allowing the ink's growth without its degradation. This ratio also prevents the formation of superoxide. This was achieved through a comprehensive research methodology involving spectroscopic techniques in the visible and the near-infrared regions, stopped-flow spectrometry and electrochemical studies.
铁胆墨水是我们书面文化遗产的重要组成部分，由于降解而面临完全消失的风险，这一潜在损失我们必须紧急应对。这些墨水基于铁与酚类化合物的络合物，会生长形成复杂的氢氧化铁网络。随着时间的推移，这些黑色墨水会变成棕色调，纸张载体的大量降解会导致广泛破损。铁胆墨水制备的动力学解释了在所有古代配方中使用硫酸亚铁（FeSO）来获得稳定的无定形墨水的原因。这项工作的新颖之处在于表明，低铁/多酚比例是使墨水生长而不降解的关键因素。该比例还能防止超氧化物的形成。这是通过涉及可见和近红外区域的光谱技术、停流光谱法和电化学研究的综合研究方法实现的。
