Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso, Sorriso, MG, Brazil.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Jan 30;337(Pt 2):118866. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118866. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
Acmella oleracea is traditionally used by Amazonian folks to treat skin and mucous wounds, influenza, cough, toothache, bacterial and fungal infections. Its phytoconstituents, such as alkylamides, phenolic compounds, and terpenes, are reported to produce therapeutic effects, which justify the medicinal use of A. oleracea extracts. However, the scientific evidence supporting the application A. oleracea bioactive products for wound treatment of remains unexplored so far.
This work aimed to characterize the phytochemical composition of methanolic extract of A. oleracea leaves (AOM) and to investigate their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and healing potential focusing on its application for wound healing.
The dried leaves from A. oleracea submitted to static maceration in methanol for 40 days. The phytochemical constitution of AOM was analyzed based on the total phenolic dosage method and by UFLC-QTOF-MS analysis. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH and NO scavenging activities, as well as MDA formation, evaluation of ROS levels, and phosphomolybdenum assays. In vitro anti-inflammatory activities were assessed by reduction of NO, IL-6, and TNF-α production and accumulation of LDs in peritoneal macrophages cells. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by determining MIC and MBC/MFC values against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. epidermidis, S. aureus and C. albicans, bacterial killing assay, and biofilm adhesion assessment. In vitro wound healing activity was determined by means of the scratch assay with L929 fibroblasts.
Vanillic acid, quercetin, and seven other alkamides, including spilanthol, were detected in the UFLC-QTOF-MS spectrum of AOM. Regarding the biocompatibility, AOM did not induce cytotoxicity in L929 fibroblasts and murine macrophages. The strong anti-inflammatory activity was evidenced by the fact that AOM reduced the cellular production of inflammatory mediators IL-6, TNF-α, NO, and LDs in macrophages by 100%, 96.66 ± 1.95%, 99.21 ± 3.82%, and 67.51 ± 0.72%, respectively. The antioxidant effects were confirmed, since AOM showed IC values of 44.50 ± 4.46 and 127.60 ± 14.42 μg/mL in the DPPH and NO radical inhibition assays, respectively. Additionally, AOM phosphomolybdenium reducing power was 63.56 ± 13.01 (RAA% of quercetin) and 104.01 ± 21.29 (RAA% of rutin). Finally, in the MDA quantification assay, AOM showed 63,69 ± 3.47% of lipid peroxidation inhibition. It was also observed that the production of ROS decreased by 69.03 ± 3.85%. The MIC values of AOM ranged from 1000 to 125 μg/mL. Adhesion of S. aureus, P. Aeruginosa, and mixed biofilms was significantly reduced by 44.71 ± 4.44%, 95.50 ± 6.37 %, and 51.83 ± 1.50%, respectively. AOM also significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus (77.17 ± 1.50 %) and P. aeruginosa (62.36 ± 1.01%). Furthermore, AOM significantly enhanced the in vitro migration of L929 fibroblasts by 97.86 ± 0.82% compared to the control (P < 0.05).
This study is the first to report total antioxidant capacity and intracellular LD reduction by AOM. The results clearly demonstrated that AOM exerts potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound healing effects, encouraging its further investigation and promising application in wound treatment.
Acmella oleracea 传统上被亚马逊人用于治疗皮肤和粘膜伤口、流感、咳嗽、牙痛、细菌和真菌感染。其植物成分，如烷基酰胺、酚类化合物和萜类化合物，据称具有治疗作用，这证明了 A. oleracea 提取物的药用价值。然而，迄今为止，支持 A. oleracea 生物活性产品用于伤口治疗的科学证据仍未得到探索。
本研究旨在对 A. oleracea 叶甲醇提取物（AOM）的植物化学成分进行表征，并研究其抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌和愈合潜力，重点研究其在伤口愈合中的应用。
将干燥的 A. oleracea 叶置于甲醇中进行静态浸提 40 天。AOM 的植物化学成分通过总酚定量法和 UFLC-QTOF-MS 分析进行分析。抗氧化活性通过 DPPH 和 NO 清除活性、MDA 形成、ROS 水平评估以及磷钼酸盐测定来评估。体外抗炎活性通过测定 NO、IL-6 和 TNF-α 的产生以及腹腔巨噬细胞中 LD 的积累来评估。抗菌活性通过测定对铜绿假单胞菌、大肠杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的 MIC 和 MBC/MFC 值、细菌杀伤试验和生物膜粘附评估来评估。体外伤口愈合活性通过 L929 成纤维细胞的划痕试验来确定。
UFLC-QTOF-MS 光谱中检测到香草酸、槲皮素和其他七种烷酰胺，包括 Spilantol。关于生物相容性，AOM 不会在 L929 成纤维细胞和小鼠巨噬细胞中引起细胞毒性。AOM 通过将巨噬细胞中细胞产生的炎症介质 IL-6、TNF-α、NO 和 LD 分别减少 100%、96.66±1.95%、99.21±3.82%和 67.51±0.72%，证明了其强大的抗炎活性。抗氧化作用得到了证实，因为 AOM 在 DPPH 和 NO 自由基抑制试验中的 IC 值分别为 44.50±4.46 和 127.60±14.42μg/mL。此外，AOM 的磷钼酸盐还原能力为 63.56±13.01（槲皮素的 RAA%）和 104.01±21.29（芦丁的 RAA%）。最后，在 MDA 定量测定中，AOM 显示 63.69±3.47%的脂质过氧化抑制率。还观察到 ROS 的产生减少了 69.03±3.85%。AOM 的 MIC 值范围为 1000 至 125μg/mL。金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和混合生物膜的粘附分别显著减少了 44.71±4.44%、95.50±6.37%和 51.83±1.50%。AOM 还显著抑制了金黄色葡萄球菌（77.17±1.50%）和铜绿假单胞菌（62.36±1.01%）的生长。此外，与对照组相比，AOM 显著促进了 L929 成纤维细胞的体外迁移，增加了 97.86±0.82%（P<0.05）。
本研究首次报道了 AOM 的总抗氧化能力和细胞内 LD 减少。结果清楚地表明，AOM 具有强大的抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和伤口愈合作用，这鼓励进一步研究并有望应用于伤口治疗。
