Hoehn Luca, Pucci Marcella, Senn Pascal, Guinand Nils
Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervicofaciale, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 1211 Genève 14.
Service de radiologie, Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 1211 Genève 14.
Rev Med Suisse. 2024 Oct 2;20(889):1751-1755. doi: 10.53738/REVMED.2024.20.889.1751.
Otosclerosis is characterized by pathological remodeling of the bone of the otic capsule. Classically, foci of pathological bone leads to progressive fixation of the stapes, resulting in conductive hearing loss. Involvement can be uni- or bilateral. Otoscopy is normal. -Hypoacusis generally appears between the age of 30 to 50, regularly with tinnitus. Sometimes, the inner ear is also affected, with sensori-neural hearing loss or vestibular impairment (vertigo). Successful hearing rehabilitation can be achieved with hearing aids or stapes surgery (stapedotomy). Cochlear implantation is considered in cases of severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss. High resolution CT-scan or Cone Beam CT confirm the diagnosis and optimal planning of surgical treatment.
耳硬化症的特征是耳囊骨的病理性重塑。传统上，病理性骨病灶会导致镫骨逐渐固定，从而引起传导性听力损失。受累情况可为单侧或双侧。耳镜检查结果正常。听力减退通常出现在30至50岁之间，常伴有耳鸣。有时，内耳也会受到影响，出现感音神经性听力损失或前庭功能障碍（眩晕）。使用助听器或镫骨手术（镫骨切开术）可成功实现听力康复。对于严重或极重度感音神经性听力损失的病例，可考虑进行人工耳蜗植入。高分辨率CT扫描或锥形束CT可确诊并为手术治疗提供最佳规划。
