University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Impact Team, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Bron, France.
J Neurophysiol. 2024 Nov 1;132(5):1470-1480. doi: 10.1152/jn.00087.2024. Epub 2024 Oct 3.
Many recent studies indicate that control of decisions and actions is integrated during interactive behavior. Among these, several carried out in humans and monkeys conclude that there is a coregulation of choices and movements. Another perspective, based on human data only, proposes a decoupled control of decision duration and movement speed, allowing, for instance, trading decision duration for movement duration when time pressure increases. Crucially, it is not currently known whether this ability to flexibly dissociate decision duration from movement speed is specific to humans, whether it can vary depending on the context in which a task is performed, and whether it is stable over time. These are important questions to address, especially to rely on monkey electrophysiology to infer the neural mechanisms of decision-action coordination in humans. To do so, we trained two macaque monkeys in a perceptual decision-making task and analyzed data collected over multiple behavioral sessions. Our findings reveal a strong and complex relationship between decision duration and movement vigor. Decision duration and action duration can covary but also "compensate" each other. Such integrated but decoupled control of decisions and actions aligns with recent studies in humans, validating the monkey model in electrophysiology as a means of inferring neural mechanisms in humans. Crucially, we demonstrate for the first time that this control can evolve with experience, in an adapted manner. Together, the present findings contribute to deepening our understanding of the integrated control of decisions and actions during interactive behavior. The mechanism by which the integrated control of decisions and actions occurs, coupled or interactive but decoupled, is debated. In the present study, we show in monkeys that decisions and actions influence each other in a decoupled way. For the first time, we also demonstrate that this control can evolve depending the subject's experience, allowing the trade of movement time for decision time and limiting the temporal discounting of reward value.
许多近期的研究表明，在互动行为中，决策和动作的控制是整合在一起的。其中，一些在人类和猴子中进行的研究得出结论，选择和运动是共同调节的。另一个基于人类数据的观点则提出，决策持续时间和运动速度可以进行解耦控制，例如，在时间压力增加时，可以用增加决策持续时间来换取运动持续时间。至关重要的是，目前尚不清楚这种灵活地将决策持续时间与运动速度解耦的能力是否是人类所特有的，是否会因任务执行的上下文而有所不同，以及是否具有时间稳定性。这些都是需要解决的重要问题，特别是为了依靠猴子的电生理学来推断人类决策与行动协调的神经机制。为此，我们在一项感知决策任务中训练了两只猕猴，并分析了在多个行为阶段收集的数据。我们的研究结果揭示了决策持续时间和运动活力之间的强烈而复杂的关系。决策持续时间和动作持续时间可以协变，也可以相互“补偿”。这种决策和动作的综合但解耦控制与人类的近期研究一致，验证了猴子电生理学模型作为推断人类神经机制的一种手段的有效性。至关重要的是，我们首次证明这种控制可以以适应的方式随经验而演变。总的来说，本研究结果有助于加深我们对互动行为中决策和动作综合控制的理解。决策和动作的综合控制是如何发生的，是耦合的还是交互的但解耦的，这一问题仍存在争议。在本研究中，我们在猴子身上表明，决策和动作以解耦的方式相互影响。我们首次还证明，这种控制可以根据个体的经验而演变，从而允许用运动时间换取决策时间，并限制奖励价值的时间折扣。
