Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Biomaterials. 2025 Mar;314:122859. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122859. Epub 2024 Sep 28.
In recent years, mRNA vaccine has achieved increasing interest owing to its high potency, safety, ease of production, and low-cost manufacturing. Currently approved mRNA vaccines are administered intramuscularly to transfect local antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to initiate low to moderate immune responses. Spleen, the largest secondary lymphoid organ in the body which contains a large number of APCs close to B and T lymphocytes, could be the ideal site for effective initiation of an enhanced immune response. Here, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the development of synthetic materials for spleen-specific mRNA delivery, and lipid nanoparticle-based approaches will be highlighted. We further discuss the main challenges for spleen-specific mRNA delivery to provide a reference for the development of next-generation synthetic nanomaterials with optimal properties.
近年来，mRNA 疫苗因其高效、安全、易于生产和低成本制造而引起了越来越多的关注。目前批准的 mRNA 疫苗通过肌肉内给药来转染局部抗原呈递细胞 (APC) 以引发低至中度的免疫反应。脾脏是体内最大的次级淋巴器官，其中含有大量接近 B 和 T 淋巴细胞的 APC，可能是有效启动增强免疫反应的理想部位。在这里，我们综述了用于脾脏特异性 mRNA 递送的合成材料的最新进展，重点介绍基于脂质纳米颗粒的方法。我们进一步讨论了脾脏特异性 mRNA 递送的主要挑战，为开发具有最佳性能的下一代合成纳米材料提供参考。
