Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 10;955:176657. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176657. Epub 2024 Oct 1.
The presence of microplastics in agricultural soils has raised concerns regarding their potential impacts on ecosystem health and plant growth. The introduction of microplastics into soil can alter its physicochemical properties, leading to adverse effects on plant development. Furthermore, the adsorption capabilities of microplastics may enhance the toxicity of soil pollutants, potentially resulting in detrimental effects on plant life. Large-sized microplastics may become adhered to root surfaces, impeding stomatal function and restricting nutrient uptake. Conversely, smaller microplastics and nano-plastics may be internalized by plants, causing cellular damage and genotoxicity. In addition, the presence of microplastics in soil can indirectly affect plant growth and development by altering the soil environment. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the potential impacts of microplastics on agricultural ecosystems and develop strategies to mitigate their effects. This review describes the adsorption power between polyethylene microplastics and pollutants (heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and antibiotics) commonly found in agricultural fields and the factors affecting the adsorption process. Additionally, the direct and indirect effects of microplastics on plants are summarized. Most of the single or combined microplastic contaminants showed negative effects on plant growth, with a few beneficial effects related to the characteristics of the microplastics and environmental factors. Currently microbial action and the application of soil conditioners or plant growth promoters can alleviate the effects of microplastics on plants to a certain extent. In light of the complex nature of soil environments, future research should concentrate on mitigate and control these interactions and the impact of compound pollution on ecosystems.
农业土壤中存在的微塑料引起了人们对其对生态系统健康和植物生长潜在影响的关注。微塑料进入土壤会改变其物理化学性质，对植物发育产生不利影响。此外，微塑料的吸附能力可能会增强土壤污染物的毒性，对植物生命可能产生有害影响。大尺寸的微塑料可能会附着在根表面，阻碍气孔功能并限制养分吸收。相反，较小的微塑料和纳米塑料可能会被植物内化，导致细胞损伤和遗传毒性。此外，土壤中微塑料的存在也会通过改变土壤环境间接影响植物的生长和发育。因此，有必要研究微塑料对农业生态系统的潜在影响，并制定减轻其影响的策略。本综述描述了聚乙烯微塑料与农业领域常见污染物（重金属、多环芳烃和抗生素）之间的吸附能力以及影响吸附过程的因素。此外，还总结了微塑料对植物的直接和间接影响。大多数单一或组合的微塑料污染物对植物生长表现出负面影响，只有少数与微塑料特性和环境因素相关的有益影响。目前，微生物作用和土壤调理剂或植物生长促进剂的应用可以在一定程度上减轻微塑料对植物的影响。鉴于土壤环境的复杂性，未来的研究应集中于减轻和控制这些相互作用以及复合污染对生态系统的影响。
