Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 3;14(1):23015. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-73965-w.
The contemporary management of fragmented river systems is in a trade-off between the societal benefits of instream barriers (e.g. hydropower, flood risk management) and the ecological harms of their adverse impacts on fish populations. The consequent fragmentation can be mitigated through fishway construction, with mitigation performance measured using species-specific passage rates and efficiencies. There is, however, a bias in passage efficiency studies towards diadromous fishes and, although fish of the Cyprinidae family play a significant role in the fish assemblages of rivers worldwide, their passage efficiencies are poorly understood. Here, systematic review and meta-analyses assessed the passage efficiencies of cyprinid fishes through fishways that have been measured using telemetry methods. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry was the most common evaluation method of passage efficiency due to their high read rates and relatively low costs versus alternative telemetry methods. These methods revealed cyprinid passage efficiencies were highest through vertical slot fishways and lowest through nature-like constructions, with overall passage rates comparing favourably to anadromous salmonid fishes. Fish were most active during spring and summer, with passage and associated movements often related to spawning. Passage rates of non-native fishes were also higher than for native fishes. Despite the growing acknowledgment of how fishways influence potamodromous fish dispersal and distribution in rivers, passage data remain scarce, preventing managers and policy-makers from making informed decisions on optimal passage solutions for multiple fish species in highly fragmented rivers.
当代对河流系统的管理是在权衡利弊的过程中进行的，即权衡内流障碍物（如水电、洪水风险管理）给社会带来的效益和其对鱼类种群产生的不利影响造成的生态危害。由此产生的碎片化可以通过鱼道建设来减轻，其缓解效果可以通过特定物种的通过率和效率来衡量。然而，在通道效率研究中存在偏向洄游鱼类的现象，尽管鲤鱼科鱼类在世界范围内的河流鱼类组合中起着重要作用，但它们的通道效率却知之甚少。在这里，系统评价和荟萃分析评估了使用遥测方法测量的鲤鱼类通过鱼道的通过率。由于被动集成转发器 (PIT) 遥测具有较高的读取率和相对较低的成本，因此是评估通道效率的最常用方法，而与其他遥测方法相比。这些方法表明，鲤鱼类通过垂直插槽鱼道的通过率最高，通过自然型结构的通过率最低，整体通过率与溯河洄游性鲑鱼鱼类相当。鱼类在春季和夏季最为活跃，通道和相关运动通常与产卵有关。非本地鱼类的通过率也高于本地鱼类。尽管人们越来越认识到鱼道如何影响河流中洄游鱼类的扩散和分布，但通道数据仍然很少，这使得管理者和决策者无法就高度碎片化河流中多种鱼类的最佳通道解决方案做出明智的决策。
