Maurya Saumya, Swati Kumari, Suvetha S, Ghosh Mayukh, Yadav Pavan Kumar
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, I.Ag.Scs., Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, 231001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Chem Biodivers. 2025 Feb;22(2):e202401672. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202401672. Epub 2024 Nov 12.
Solanum xanthocarpum, a perennial herb native to India, contains steroidal glycoalkaloids with notable anticancer properties. This study investigated the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of methanolic fruit extract of S. xanthocarpum on human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Phytochemical screening and LC-HRMS analysis confirmed presence of various primary and secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power, and phosphomolybdate assays. The extract demonstrated significant antioxidant potential with EC values of 60.10±0.88 μg/mL (DPPH) and 392.29±3.93 μg/mL (ABTS). Cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluated via morphological analysis, MTT assays, and IC determination (24.19±0.56 μg/L). Apoptosis was confirmed using dual staining techniques (AO/EB, Hoechst 33342/PI, DAPI), revealing condensed nuclei, apoptotic bodies, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, as indicated by Rhodamine staining. Additionally, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were observed using H2-DCF-DA staining. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were 127.78±3.547 mg GAE/g and 98.06±4.289 mg QE/g, respectively. These findings suggest that the methanolic fruit extract of S. xanthocarpum possesses strong antioxidant and anticancer activities, indicating its potential role in cancer treatment. Further studies are warranted to explore its bioactive compounds for developing novel anticancer therapies.
黄果茄是一种原产于印度的多年生草本植物，含有具有显著抗癌特性的甾体糖生物碱。本研究调查了黄果茄果实甲醇提取物对人乳腺癌细胞（MDA-MB-231）的抗氧化和抗增殖作用。植物化学筛选和液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析证实了各种初级和次级代谢产物的存在。通过DPPH、ABTS自由基清除、还原能力和磷钼酸盐测定来评估抗氧化活性。该提取物表现出显著的抗氧化潜力，DPPH的EC值为60.10±0.88μg/mL，ABTS的EC值为392.29±3.93μg/mL。通过形态分析、MTT测定和IC测定（24.19±0.56μg/L）评估对MDA-MB-231细胞的细胞毒性。使用双重染色技术（AO/EB、Hoechst 33342/PI、DAPI）证实了细胞凋亡，显示细胞核浓缩、凋亡小体以及罗丹明染色所示的线粒体膜电位降低。此外，使用H2-DCF-DA染色观察到活性氧（ROS）水平升高。提取物中总酚和黄酮含量分别为127.78±3.547mg GAE/g和98.06±4.289mg QE/g。这些发现表明黄果茄果实甲醇提取物具有强大的抗氧化和抗癌活性，表明其在癌症治疗中的潜在作用。有必要进一步研究以探索其生物活性化合物，用于开发新型抗癌疗法。
