Kiraga Mikołaj, Zakrzewska-Płaczek Monika
Instytut Genetyki i Biotechnologii, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski.
Postepy Biochem. 2024 Sep 17;70(3):348-357. doi: 10.18388/pb.2021_566. Print 2024 Sep 30.
U1 snRNP (U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein) is a nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex involved mainly in pre-mRNA splicing, which is a key regulatory process in the eukaryotic gene expression pathway, but also in the process of preventing premature transcription termination (telescripting). U1 snRNP interacts directly with RNA polymerase II, thereby influencing the synthesis and maturation of transcripts in the cell nucleus, including the formation of the 3' end of mRNA and polyadenylation. At the level of cell physiology, it regulates the functioning of mitochondria and energy metabolism. The core of the U1 snRNP complex is U1 snRNA, encoded by many copies of genes that differ in sequence and expression level, and the expression of some of them leads to the formation of defective products. According to current reports, U1 snRNA can be used for therapeutic purposes to regulate gene expression and improve mRNA splicing defects, which are the cause of many diseases. Here we present selected recent discoveries and achievements related to U1 snRNP.
U1 小核核糖核蛋白（U1 snRNP）是一种核核糖核蛋白复合体，主要参与前体信使核糖核酸（pre-mRNA）剪接，这是真核基因表达途径中的关键调控过程，同时也参与防止过早转录终止（远程转录）的过程。U1 snRNP 直接与 RNA 聚合酶 II 相互作用，从而影响细胞核内转录本的合成与成熟，包括信使核糖核酸（mRNA）3' 末端的形成和聚腺苷酸化。在细胞生理学层面，它调节线粒体的功能和能量代谢。U1 snRNP 复合体的核心是 U1 小核核糖核酸（U1 snRNA），由多个序列和表达水平不同的基因拷贝编码，其中一些基因的表达会导致缺陷产物的形成。根据目前的报道，U1 snRNA 可用于治疗目的，以调节基因表达并改善 mRNA 剪接缺陷，而这些缺陷是许多疾病的病因。在此，我们介绍与 U1 snRNP 相关的近期选定发现和成果。
