From the Internal Medicine Residency Training Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman.
From the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
Ann Saudi Med. 2024 Sep-Oct;44(5):339-348. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2024.339. Epub 2024 Oct 3.
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance among hospitalized patients and is linked to increased mortality as well as poor outcomes.
Study the prevalence of hyponatremia among medically admitted patients and the outcomes associated with hyponatremia.
Retrospective cohort.
Medical ward at tertiary hospital setting.
The study included adult (≥18 years) hospitalized patients in general medical wards. Three readings of serum sodium level were taken (initial sodium level, nadir during admission, and before discharge).
The sample size of 350 was determined based on a presumed 35% incidence of hyponatremia among hospitalized patients, with a 5% error margin.
The prevalence of hyponatremia among medically hospitalized patients and association with health outcomes including length of hospital stay, inpatient mortality, 90-days readmission and 1-year mortality.
In this study, 736 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 377 (51.2%) had hyponatremia on admission, increasing to 562 (76.35%) during hospitalization. Mild hyponatremia was observed in 49.6% (n=365), moderate in 13.6% (n=100), and severe in 13.2% (n=97). Severe hyponatremia patients were significantly older (<.01), predominantly female (=.014), and had lower serum magnesium and albumin levels (<.01). Hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and diabetes were more prevalent in severe hyponatremia cases (<.01, <.01, =.045, <.01, respectively). Hospital stays were significantly shorter for patients with normal sodium levels (<.01). Patients with severe hyponatremia had a shorter time for first hospital readmission (HR=0.80, <.01 [95% CI; 0.69-0.94]).
Hyponatremia was prevalent among medically hospitalized patients and more common among old patients, women, and patients with comorbidities. Hyponatremia was associated with increased length of stay in hospital and increased risk of 90-day re-admission.
Single-centre design and retrospective nature.
低钠血症是住院患者中常见的电解质紊乱，与死亡率增加和预后不良有关。
研究医学收治患者中低钠血症的患病率以及与低钠血症相关的结局。
回顾性队列研究。
三级医院的内科病房。
该研究纳入了内科住院患者（年龄≥18 岁）。共采集了 3 次血清钠水平读数（初始钠水平、入院期间的最低值和出院前）。
根据住院患者中低钠血症发生率 35%的假定值，确定了 350 人的样本量，误差幅度为 5%。
医学收治住院患者中低钠血症的患病率以及与健康结局的关系，包括住院时间、住院期间死亡率、90 天再入院率和 1 年死亡率。
在这项研究中，有 736 名患者符合纳入标准。其中，377 名（51.2%）入院时存在低钠血症，住院期间增加至 562 名（76.35%）。轻度低钠血症占 49.6%（n=365），中度占 13.6%（n=100），重度占 13.2%（n=97）。重度低钠血症患者年龄明显较大（<.01），女性居多（=.014），血清镁和白蛋白水平较低（<.01）。高血压、缺血性心脏病、心力衰竭和糖尿病在重度低钠血症患者中更为常见（<.01，<.01，=.045，<.01，分别）。血清钠水平正常的患者住院时间明显更短（<.01）。重度低钠血症患者首次住院再入院时间较短（HR=0.80，<.01[95%CI；0.69-0.94]）。
低钠血症在内科住院患者中很常见，在老年患者、女性患者和合并症患者中更为常见。低钠血症与住院时间延长和 90 天再入院风险增加有关。
单中心设计和回顾性研究。
