Jelinek C F
J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1985 Nov-Dec;68(6):1063-8.
In the late 1930s and early 1940s, almost the only analyses carried out for chemical contaminants in foods were for lead arsenate and other arsenical pesticides in fruits. Since then, a tremendous expansion has occurred in the types of chemical contaminants found in foods and in the activities of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other organizations responsible for monitoring and controlling the presence of these contaminants in the food supply. This paper describes the findings and control of additional chemical contaminants in foods, including synthetic pesticides, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), other industrial chemicals, fungal metabolites such as aflatoxins, toxic metals, and radionuclides. The common characteristics of problems connected with these different types of contaminants include uncontrolled entry into the food supply, incidents causing extreme public worry, and near impossibility in removing these contaminants from the food supply. Problems may also arise from new technologies and environmental developments. New approaches beyond ordinary regulatory activities are being used to meet these problems. Broader analytical methods requiring less time and faster and more sophisticated toxicological methods are needed to assess the hazard of these environmental food contaminants.
在20世纪30年代末和40年代初，对食品中化学污染物进行的几乎唯一分析是针对水果中的砷酸铅和其他含砷农药。从那时起，食品中发现的化学污染物种类以及美国食品药品监督管理局和其他负责监测和控制食品供应中这些污染物存在的组织的活动都有了巨大的扩展。本文描述了食品中其他化学污染物的发现和控制情况，包括合成农药、多氯联苯（PCBs）、其他工业化学品、真菌代谢产物如黄曲霉毒素、有毒金属和放射性核素。与这些不同类型污染物相关问题的共同特征包括不受控制地进入食品供应、引发公众极度担忧的事件以及几乎不可能从食品供应中去除这些污染物。新技术和环境发展也可能引发问题。正在采用超越普通监管活动的新方法来应对这些问题。需要更广泛的分析方法（所需时间更少）以及更快、更复杂的毒理学方法来评估这些环境食品污染物的危害。
