Life Science Department, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India.
Life Science Department, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India.
Cell Signal. 2024 Dec;124:111442. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111442. Epub 2024 Oct 4.
Prostate cancer is among the most common malignancies found in men, with multifactorial changes occurring altogether to disrupt the pathophysiology of this gland. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is an extensively studied pathway that has newly attributed fundamental roles in cancer biology that impact cell growth, migration, metastasis, and death. These processes are significantly influenced by various components of the RAAS, including prorenin, AT1R, AT2R, and Ang 1-7/Mas receptors. Although the pathophysiology of prostate cancer is complex, targeting the RAAS shows promise as a therapeutic approach. RAAS dysregulation is evident in prostate cancer, and treatments traditionally used for cardiovascular diseases are being explored for cancer therapy. The RAAS pathway has significant effects on the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body (metastasis), and cell proliferation. In this pathway, angiotensin II and its receptors have crucial functions. Angiotensin II stimulates angiogenesis and cell proliferation through the AT1R, whereas the AT2R has the opposite effect by inhibiting cell growth. Additional pathways involving ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas also provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention, mitigating the impact of the traditional ACE/Angiotensin II/AT1R pathway. The components of the RAAS influence multiple signalling pathways, such as Androgen Receptor (AR), NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, which enhances our understanding of how it contributes to the progression of prostate cancer. This also provides new possibilities for therapeutic interventions.
前列腺癌是男性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，多种因素的变化共同破坏了该腺体的病理生理学。肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）是一个经过广泛研究的途径，它在癌症生物学中被赋予了新的基本作用，影响细胞生长、迁移、转移和死亡。这些过程受到 RAAS 的各种成分的显著影响，包括前肾素、AT1R、AT2R 和 Ang 1-7/Mas 受体。虽然前列腺癌的病理生理学很复杂，但靶向 RAAS 显示出作为一种治疗方法的前景。RAAS 失调在前列腺癌中很明显，传统上用于心血管疾病的治疗方法正在被探索用于癌症治疗。RAAS 途径对新血管的形成（血管生成）、癌细胞向身体其他部位的扩散（转移）和细胞增殖有显著影响。在这个途径中，血管紧张素 II 和它的受体有重要的作用。血管紧张素 II 通过 AT1R 刺激血管生成和细胞增殖，而 AT2R 通过抑制细胞生长产生相反的效果。涉及 ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas 的其他途径也为治疗干预提供了潜在的靶点，减轻了传统 ACE/血管紧张素 II/AT1R 途径的影响。RAAS 的成分影响多种信号通路，如雄激素受体（AR）、NF-κB 和 PI3K/AKT/mTOR，这增强了我们对其如何促进前列腺癌进展的理解。这也为治疗干预提供了新的可能性。
