Peres Karen Glazer, Li Huihua, Lim Wanyi, Wong Yim Heng, Lai Bien, Eu Oy Chu, Peres Marco Aurelio
National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Caries Res. 2025;59(2):114-127. doi: 10.1159/000541799. Epub 2024 Oct 5.
This study aimed to examine the effects of age, period (historical events), and cohort (generational impact) (APC) on caries prevalence and mean DMFT among Singapore schoolchildren from 2007 to 2019.
Anonymised records of all 6-year-old primary 1 (P1), 11-year-old primary 6 (P6), and 14-year-old secondary 3 (S3) students before the start of each school year between 2007 and 2019 were extracted from the Integrated Dental Electronic Assessment System (IDEAS), categorised by school level, ethnicity, and sex. Poisson regression and partial least squares regressions were applied to estimate APC effects.
In total, 502,339 P1, 535,579 P6, and 496,725 S3 records were included from 2007 to 2019, with 1,058,589 (69.0%) Chinese, 187,948 (12.2%) Malay, and 152,618 (9.9%) Indian students; 245,447 (48.8%) P1, 259,389 (48.4%) P6, and 243,941 (49.1%) S3 students were girls. Overall, the APC effects on caries prevalence and mean DMFT showed a strong age effect, with the lowest prevalence in the youngest P1 group and the highest in the oldest S3 group. Period and cohort effects were identified, with the prevalence decreasing among those born after 1995 and the lowest prevalence rate in 2013. Similarly, period and cohort effects on mean DMFT were also detected, with decreased mean DMFT after period 2009 and the highest mean DMFT (0.72 in P6 and 1.13 in S3) in cohort 1995.
Caries prevalence and DMFT increased with age. While both decreased in individuals born after 1995, mean DMFT began to rise again in those born after 2003.
本研究旨在探讨年龄、时期（历史事件）和队列（代际影响）（APC）对2007年至2019年新加坡学童龋齿患病率和平均龋失补指数（DMFT）的影响。
从综合牙科电子评估系统（IDEAS）中提取2007年至2019年每个学年开始前所有6岁的小学一年级（P1）、11岁的小学六年级（P6）和14岁的中学三年级（S3）学生的匿名记录，按学校级别、种族和性别进行分类。应用泊松回归和偏最小二乘回归来估计APC效应。
2007年至2019年共纳入502,339条P1记录、535,579条P6记录和496,725条S3记录，其中华裔学生1,058,589名（69.0%），马来裔学生187,948名（12.2%），印度裔学生152,618名（9.9%）；P1学生中女生245,447名（48.8%），P6学生中女生259,389名（48.4%），S3学生中女生243,941名（49.1%）。总体而言，APC对龋齿患病率和平均DMFT的影响显示出强烈的年龄效应，最年幼的P1组患病率最低，最年长的S3组患病率最高。确定了时期和队列效应，1995年后出生的人群患病率下降，2013年患病率最低。同样，也检测到时期和队列对平均DMFT的影响，2009年后平均DMFT下降，1995年队列的平均DMFT最高（P6为0.72，S3为1.13）。
龋齿患病率和DMFT随年龄增长而增加。虽然1995年后出生的个体两者均下降，但2003年后出生的个体平均DMFT又开始上升。
