Xu Jiaxin, Sheikh Taha Majid Mahmood, Shafiq Muhammad, Khan Muhammad Nadeem, Wang Meimei, Guo Xiaoling, Yao Fen, Xie Qingdong, Yang Zhe, Khalid Areeba, Jiao Xiaoyang
Precision Medical Lab Center, Chaozhou Central Hospital, Chaozhou 521000, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
J Dairy Sci. 2025 Jan;108(1):73-89. doi: 10.3168/jds.2024-25455. Epub 2024 Oct 5.
Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) is a significant health concern characterized by adverse immune reactions to cow milk proteins. Biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of CMPA are lacking. This study analyzed the clinical features of CMPA, and 16S RNA sequencing was used to investigate potential biomarkers through fecal microbiota profiling. Children with CMPA exhibit a range of clinical symptoms, including gastrointestinal (83% of patients), skin (53% of patients), and respiratory manifestations (26% of patients), highlighting the complexity of this condition. Laboratory analysis revealed significant differences in red cell distribution width and inflammatory markers between the CMPA and control groups, suggesting immune activation and inflammatory responses in CMPA. Microbial diversity analysis revealed higher specific diversity indices in the CMPA group compared with those in control group, with significant differences at the genus and species levels. Bacteroides were more abundant in the CMPA group, whereas Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Parabacteroides were less abundant. The control group exhibited a balanced microbial profile, with a predominant presence of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Akkermansia muciniphila. The significant abundance of Bifidobacterium in the control group (23.19% vs. 9.89% in CMPA) was associated with improved growth metrics such as height and weight, suggesting its potential as a probiotic to prevent CMPA and enhance gut health. Correlation analysis linked specific microbial taxa such as Coprococcus and Bifidobacterium to clinical parameters such as family allergy history, weight, and height, providing insights into CMPA pathogenesis. Significant differences in bacterial abundance suggested diagnostic potential, with a panel of 6 bacteria achieving high predictive accuracy (area under curve = 0.8708). This study emphasizes the complex relationship between the gut microbiota and CMPA, offering valuable insights into disease mechanisms and diagnostic strategies.
牛奶蛋白过敏（CMPA）是一个重大的健康问题，其特征是对牛奶蛋白产生不良免疫反应。目前缺乏用于准确诊断和预测CMPA的生物标志物。本研究分析了CMPA的临床特征，并使用16S RNA测序通过粪便微生物群分析来研究潜在的生物标志物。患有CMPA的儿童表现出一系列临床症状，包括胃肠道症状（83%的患者）、皮肤症状（53%的患者）和呼吸道症状（26%的患者），突出了这种疾病的复杂性。实验室分析显示，CMPA组和对照组之间的红细胞分布宽度和炎症标志物存在显著差异，表明CMPA中存在免疫激活和炎症反应。微生物多样性分析显示，CMPA组的特定多样性指数高于对照组，在属和种水平上存在显著差异。CMPA组中拟杆菌更为丰富，而双歧杆菌、瘤胃球菌、粪杆菌和副拟杆菌则较少。对照组呈现出平衡的微生物谱，以两歧双歧杆菌和嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌为主。对照组中双歧杆菌的显著丰富（23.19%对CMPA组中的9.89%）与身高和体重等生长指标的改善有关，表明其作为预防CMPA和增强肠道健康的益生菌的潜力。相关性分析将特定的微生物分类群如粪球菌和双歧杆菌与家族过敏史、体重和身高临床参数联系起来，为CMPA的发病机制提供了见解。细菌丰度的显著差异显示出诊断潜力，一组6种细菌具有较高的预测准确性（曲线下面积 = 0.8708）。本研究强调了肠道微生物群与CMPA之间的复杂关系，为疾病机制和诊断策略提供了有价值的见解。
