School of Architecture and Art, University of Guilan, Rasht 41996-13776, Iran.
School of Architecture and Art, University of Guilan, Rasht 41996-13776, Iran.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 1;954:176631. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176631. Epub 2024 Oct 5.
Air pollution poses a critical global challenge with severe environmental and human health implications. The associated health risks, including premature mortality, underscore the urgency of effective mitigation strategies. Many studies focus on control strategies without considering specific contaminant types, and there is a notable gap in research on cost-effective, eco-friendly methods, especially in countries facing substantial air pollution challenges. This study aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive review of various air pollutants and proposing optimal passive design strategies for mitigating them in building facades. Through a structural process and comparative analysis of existing literature, this study evaluates the cost, maintenance, applicability of retrofitting, and removal efficacy of three categories of control strategies: bio-filtration, adsorbents, and water-based approaches. The results confirm that biological air purification systems are more effective than other methods at reducing PM, PM, and VOCs. Moreover, the cost analysis confirms that the more costly approaches are photocatalytic filters and metal-organic frameworks derived from the adsorbent solutions. Thus, the study suggests applying cost-effective techniques like facade biofiltration, and water-based curtain façade in areas with high air pollution. In terms of the applicability of retrofitting, the results ascertain adsorbent strategies are the most effective for reducing air pollutants in existing buildings followed by water-based methods. Considering limitations associated with certain strategies, such as the high cost and regular maintenance, this study proposes five integrated strategies for the effective control and removal of pollutants from building exteriors. By addressing these gaps in knowledge and offering practical insights, this research contributes valuable guidance for architects, policymakers, and practitioners in developing sustainable, efficient solutions to combat indoor air pollution effectively.
空气污染是一个全球性的重大挑战，对环境和人类健康都有严重影响。相关的健康风险，包括过早死亡，凸显了采取有效缓解策略的紧迫性。许多研究都集中在控制策略上，而没有考虑到特定的污染物类型，并且在研究经济实惠、环保的方法方面存在明显的差距，特别是在面临严重空气污染挑战的国家。本研究旨在通过综合评估各种空气污染物，并提出在建筑立面上减轻这些污染物的最佳被动设计策略，来填补这一空白。通过对现有文献进行结构过程和比较分析，本研究评估了三种控制策略（生物过滤、吸附剂和水基方法）的成本、维护、 retrofit 的适用性和去除效率：生物过滤、吸附剂和水基方法。研究结果证实，生物空气净化系统在降低 PM、PM 和 VOC 方面比其他方法更有效。此外，成本分析证实，更昂贵的方法是光催化过滤器和金属有机框架，它们是从吸附剂溶液中衍生而来的。因此，研究建议在空气污染严重的地区应用经济实惠的技术，如立面生物过滤和水幕立面。就 retrofit 的适用性而言，结果确定吸附剂策略是减少现有建筑物内空气污染物最有效的方法，其次是水基方法。考虑到某些策略的局限性，如高成本和定期维护，本研究提出了五种综合策略，用于从建筑外部有效控制和去除污染物。通过解决这些知识差距并提供实际见解，本研究为建筑师、政策制定者和从业者提供了有价值的指导，以开发可持续、高效的解决方案，有效应对室内空气污染。
