Zhang Jinping, Chu Liangli, Liu Tianjun, Tian Bingkun, Chu Weicun, Sun Xiangnan, Nie Riming, Zhang Wei, Zhang Zhuhua, Zhao Xiaoming, Guo Wanlin
State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2025 Jan 2;64(1):e202413303. doi: 10.1002/anie.202413303. Epub 2024 Nov 6.
Incorporating two-dimensional (2D) perovskite in 3D perovskite absorber holds great potential to improve the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the bulky-cation-based 2D structures often exhibit poor charge transport and are prone to formation of charge-extraction barrier that impedes efficient device operation. We address these issues by introducing aromatic spacers with molecular conjugation into 2D perovskites locating between 3D perovskites and electron charge transport layers. Among our tested aromatic spacers, the pyrenylbutanamine (PyBA) spacer was shown to endow 2D perovskites with superior charge transport properties and efficient charge extraction from the bulk perovskite in 2D/3D PSCs, due to the highest degree of conjugation. As a result, we achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 25.3 % in a 0.16-cm single cell and 21.0 % in a 24.8-cm module. Moreover, the incorporated PyBA substantially raised the resistance of 2D/3D PSCs against moisture and ion migration, resulting in enhanced environmental, thermal, and operational stability. Notably, the PyBA-based devices retained over 90 % of their initial PCE after 2000 hours at 25 °C and 80 % relative humidity, or 1000 hours at 85 °C and 85 % humidity, or 3000 hours of operation under continuous 1-Sun illumination at 40 °C, showcasing their exceptionally high stability compared to previously reported 2D/3D PSCs.
在三维钙钛矿吸收层中引入二维（2D）钙钛矿对于提高钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的稳定性和效率具有巨大潜力。然而，基于大体积阳离子的二维结构通常表现出较差的电荷传输性能，并且容易形成电荷提取势垒，从而阻碍器件的高效运行。我们通过将具有分子共轭的芳香族间隔基引入位于三维钙钛矿和电子电荷传输层之间的二维钙钛矿中来解决这些问题。在我们测试的芳香族间隔基中，由于共轭程度最高，芘基丁胺（PyBA）间隔基赋予二维钙钛矿优异的电荷传输性能以及从二维/三维PSC中的体相钙钛矿进行高效电荷提取的能力。结果，我们在0.16平方厘米的单电池中实现了高达25.3%的功率转换效率（PCE），在24.8平方厘米的模块中实现了21.0%的功率转换效率。此外，引入的PyBA大大提高了二维/三维PSC对水分和离子迁移的抗性，从而增强了环境稳定性、热稳定性和运行稳定性。值得注意的是，基于PyBA的器件在25°C和80%相对湿度下2000小时后、或在85°C和85%湿度下1000小时后、或在40°C连续1个太阳光照下运行3000小时后，仍保留其初始PCE的90%以上，与先前报道的二维/三维PSC相比，展示出其极高的稳定性。
