Leenaerts Nicolas, Vaessen Thomas, Sunaert Stefan, Ceccarini Jenny, Vrieze Elske
Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Mind-body Research, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Addiction. 2025 Jan;120(1):61-76. doi: 10.1111/add.16682. Epub 2024 Oct 6.
Studies show that higher levels of positive affect (PA) and lower levels of negative affect (NA) are related to craving and alcohol consumption at a daily level in men, but little is known on these associations at a momentary level, and whether they are present in women. This study measured the dynamics of within-person NA and PA surrounding craving, non-heavy alcohol use and binge drinking in women with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and female controls without AUD.
53 female patients with AUD and 75 female controls, all recruited in Belgium, were included in an experience sampling study where they reported on momentary NA, PA, craving and alcohol use in daily life over a period of 12 months. Assessments occurred eight times a day on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays in seven bursts of three weeks.
Within-person NA at a previous assessment (t) predicted craving at the current assessment (t) in patients with AUD in a positive linear [β = 0.043; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.002, 0.057; P = 0.041] and quadratic fashion (β = 0.034; CI = 0.011, 0.057; P = 0.004). Within-person PA at t predicted craving at t in patients with AUD with a positive quadratic relation (β = 0.042; CI = 0.08, 0.065; P < 0.001). Within-person NA at t negatively predicted non-heavy alcohol use at t in a linear fashion in controls (β = -0.495; CI = -0.677, -0.312; P < 0.001) and patients with AUD (β = -0.276; CI = -0.421, -0.132; P < 0.001). Within-person PA at t significantly predicted non-heavy alcohol use at t with a positive linear term (β = 0.470; CI = 0.329, 0.610; P < 0.001) in controls, but with a positive linear term (β = 0.399; CI = 0.260, 0.454; P < 0.001) and a positive quadratic term (β = 0.203; CI = 0.060, 0.347; P = 0.003) in patients with AUD. Within-person NA at t predicted binge drinking at t in patients with AUD with a significant quadratic term (β = 0.236; CI = 0.060, 0.412; P = 0.008), but not for controls. Within-person PA at t predicted binge drinking at t in patients with AUD with a significant quadratic term (β = 0.378; CI = 0.215, 0.542; P < 0.001), and this was also the case for controls (β = 0.487; CI = 0.158, 0.770; P < 0.001). Non-heavy alcohol use at t predicted lower levels of NA at t in both patients with AUD (β = -0.161; SE = 0.044; CI = -0.248, 0.074; P = 0.001) and controls (β = -0.114; CI = -0.198, -0.029; P = 0.010). Non-heavy alcohol use at t also predicted higher levels of PA at t in both patients with AUD (β = 0.181; CI = 0.088, 0.274; P < 0.001) and controls (β = 0.189; CI = 0.101, 0.278; P < 0.001).
The momentary relation between affect and craving or alcohol use seems to be non-linear in female patients with alcohol use disorder, whereby a worse mood predicts subsequent alcohol use, though more for binge drinking than for non-heavy alcohol use.
研究表明，较高水平的积极情绪（PA）和较低水平的消极情绪（NA）与男性每日的酒瘾及饮酒量相关，但对于这些关联在瞬间水平的情况以及它们在女性中是否存在，我们知之甚少。本研究测量了患有酒精使用障碍（AUD）的女性和无AUD的女性对照者在渴望、非大量饮酒和暴饮期间，个体内部NA和PA的动态变化。
53名患有AUD的女性患者和75名女性对照者均在比利时招募，纳入一项经验抽样研究，她们在12个月的时间里报告日常生活中瞬间的NA、PA、酒瘾及饮酒情况。评估在周四、周五和周六每天进行8次，分7个为期三周的时间段。
在之前评估（t）时的个体内部NA以正线性方式（β = 0.043；95%置信区间[CI] = 0.002，0.057；P = 0.041）和二次函数方式（β = 0.034；CI = 0.011，0.057；P = 0.004）预测患有AUD的患者在当前评估（t）时的酒瘾。在t时的个体内部PA以正二次函数关系（β = 0.042；CI = 0.08，0.065；P < 0.001）预测患有AUD的患者在t时的酒瘾。在t时的个体内部NA以线性方式负向预测对照者（β = -0.495；CI = -0.677，-0.312；P < 0.001）和患有AUD的患者（β = -0.276；CI = -0.421，-0.132；P < 0.001）在t时的非大量饮酒。在t时的个体内部PA在对照者中以正线性项（β = 0.470；CI = 0.329，0.610；P < 0.001）显著预测在t时的非大量饮酒，但在患有AUD的患者中以正线性项（β = 0.399；CI = 0.260，0.454；P < 0.001）和正二次项（β = 0.203；CI = 0.060，0.347；P = 0.003）显著预测在t时的非大量饮酒。在t时的个体内部NA以显著的二次项（β = 0.2
