Huo Sida, Wang Li, Su Ben, Xue Wendong, Wang Yue, Zhang Hao, Li Meng, Qiu Jingyi, Xu Hong, He Xiangming
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
Adv Mater. 2024 Nov;36(47):e2411757. doi: 10.1002/adma.202411757. Epub 2024 Oct 6.
Energy storage devices are striving to achieve high energy density, long lifespan, and enhanced safety. In view of the current popular lithiated cathode, anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) will deliver the theoretical maximum energy density among all the battery chemistries. However, AFLMBs face challenges such as low plating-stripping efficiency, significant volume change, and severe Li-dendrite growth, which negatively impact their lifespan and safety. This study provides an overview and analysis of recent progress in electrode structure, characterization, performance, and practical challenges of AFLMBs. The deposition behavior of lithium is categorized into two stages: heterogeneous and homogeneous interface deposition. The feasibility and practical application value of AFLMBs are critically evaluated. Additionally, key test models, evaluation parameters, and advanced characterization techniques are discussed. Importantly, practical strategies of different battery components in AFLMBs, including current collector, interface layer, solid-state electrolyte, liquid-state electrolyte, cathode, and cycling protocol, are presented to address the challenges posed by the two types of deposition processes, lithium loss, crosstalk effect and volume change. Finally, the application prospects of AFLMBs are envisioned, with a focus on overcoming the current limitations and unlocking their full potential as high-performance energy storage solutions.
储能设备正致力于实现高能量密度、长寿命和更高的安全性。鉴于当前流行的锂化正极，无负极锂金属电池（AFLMBs）在所有电池化学体系中将具有理论上的最大能量密度。然而，AFLMBs面临诸如低充放电效率、显著的体积变化和严重的锂枝晶生长等挑战，这些对其寿命和安全性产生负面影响。本研究概述并分析了AFLMBs在电极结构、表征、性能及实际挑战方面的最新进展。锂的沉积行为分为两个阶段：异质和均质界面沉积。对AFLMBs的可行性和实际应用价值进行了批判性评估。此外，还讨论了关键测试模型、评估参数和先进表征技术。重要的是，提出了AFLMBs中不同电池组件的实际策略，包括集流体、界面层、固态电解质、液态电解质、正极和循环方案，以应对两种沉积过程、锂损失、串扰效应和体积变化带来的挑战。最后，展望了AFLMBs的应用前景，重点是克服当前的局限性并释放其作为高性能储能解决方案的全部潜力。
