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通过溶液核磁共振波谱学探索 N- myc 转录激活结构域的动态和相互作用。

Exploring the dynamics and interactions of the N-myc transactivation domain through solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

机构信息

Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.

出版信息

Biochem J. 2024 Nov 6;481(21):1535-1556. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20240248.

Abstract

Myc proteins are transcription factors crucial for cell proliferation. They have a C-terminal domain that mediates Max and DNA binding, and an N-terminal disordered region culminating in the transactivation domain (TAD). The TAD participates in many protein-protein interactions, notably with kinases that promote stability (Aurora-A) or degradation (ERK1, GSK3) via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. We probed the structure, dynamics and interactions of N-myc TAD using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy following its complete backbone assignment. Chemical shift analysis revealed that N-myc has two regions with clear helical propensity: Trp77-Glu86 and Ala122-Glu132. These regions also have more restricted ps-ns motions than the rest of the TAD, and, along with the phosphodegron, have comparatively high transverse (R2) 15N relaxation rates, indicative of slower timescale dynamics and/or chemical exchange. Collectively these features suggest differential propensities for structure and interaction, either internal or with binding partners, across the TAD. Solution studies on the interaction between N-myc and Aurora-A revealed a previously uncharacterised binding site. The specificity and kinetics of sequential phosphorylation of N-myc by ERK1 and GSK3 were characterised using NMR and resulted in no significant structural changes outside the phosphodegron. When the phosphodegron was doubly phosphorylated, N-myc formed a robust interaction with the Fbxw7-Skp1 complex, but mapping the interaction by NMR suggests a more extensive interface. Our study provides foundational insights into N-myc TAD dynamics and a backbone assignment that will underpin future work on the structure, dynamics, interactions and regulatory post-translational modifications of this key oncoprotein.

摘要

Myc 蛋白是细胞增殖所必需的转录因子。它们具有一个 C 端结构域,介导 Max 和 DNA 结合,以及一个 N 端无序区域,最终形成转录激活结构域(TAD)。TAD 参与许多蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用,特别是与通过泛素-蛋白酶体系统促进稳定性(Aurora-A)或降解(ERK1、GSK3)的激酶。我们使用核磁共振(NMR)光谱法探测了 N- myc TAD 的结构、动力学和相互作用,方法是在其完整的骨架分配后进行。化学位移分析表明,N-myc 有两个具有明显螺旋倾向的区域:Trp77-Glu86 和 Ala122-Glu132。这些区域的 ps-ns 运动也比 TAD 的其余部分受到更严格的限制,与磷酸化降解区一起,具有相对较高的横向(R2)15N 弛豫率,表明较慢的时间尺度动力学和/或化学交换。这些特征共同表明,在 TAD 中,无论是内部还是与结合伙伴之间,结构和相互作用的倾向存在差异。在 N-myc 与 Aurora-A 之间相互作用的溶液研究中,发现了一个以前未被表征的结合位点。通过 NMR 对 ERK1 和 GSK3 对 N-myc 的顺序磷酸化的特异性和动力学进行了表征,结果除了磷酸化降解区之外,没有明显的结构变化。当磷酸化降解区被双磷酸化时,N-myc 与 Fbxw7-Skp1 复合物形成了一个稳健的相互作用,但通过 NMR 映射相互作用表明存在更广泛的界面。我们的研究为 N-myc TAD 动力学提供了基础见解,并为该关键癌蛋白的结构、动力学、相互作用和调节翻译后修饰的未来工作提供了骨架分配。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1c57/11555651/f491a45ca2d0/BCJ-481-1535-g0001.jpg

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