Comprehensive Analysis of Risk Factors and Prognostic Outcomes in Cases of Cerebral Venous and Sinus Thrombosis in a Tertiary Care Setting.

Background Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVT) is one of the most common causes of stroke in young people. With timely diagnosis and the right medical attention, this relatively rare neurologic condition may be curable. Finding the risk variables and outcome determinants is the aim of this study. Methodology A two-year prospective observational research was carried out in a tertiary care facility. Notable were the patient's demographics, symptomatology, and risk factor history. The Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was employed to assess the patient's outcome and prognosis both at admission and after six weeks. The mRS scores at admission and follow-up were compared concerning outcome factors using the chi-square test. Results In all, there were 75 people with CVT. More men (42 patients, 56%) than women (33 patients, 44%), particularly in their third decade, were impacted. Polycythemia (22 patients, 29.3%) was the most prevalent risk factor, followed by the use of oral contraceptives (14 patients, 18.7%). Based on their mRS scores upon entry, 38 individuals (50.7%) were classified as functionally independent (mRS < 2), whereas 37 individuals (49.3%) were deemed functionally dependent (mRS > 2). At the six-week follow-up, 54 patients (72%) were functionally independent. Decompressive craniotomies were performed on 15 patients (20%), of which 10 (13.33%) had improvement, two (2.67%) had deterioration, and one patient passed away. The percentage of deaths was 1.33%. Two patients (2.67%) were not followed up with. Conclusion The present findings highlight that CVT predominantly affects younger individuals with a slight male predominance. The leading risk factors were polycythemia and the use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). Despite generally favorable prognoses with appropriate management, poorer outcomes were linked to altered consciousness, neurological deficits, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at presentation.