Mohammed Awais Ilyas, Gejjalagere Chandrashekar Nishanth, Bansal Reemu, Iyer Murali Naresh Vishwanath, Lohakare Tejaswee
General Medicine, United Lincolnshire Hospital Trust, Grantham, GBR.
Emergency Medicine, United Lincolnshire Hospital Trust, Grantham, GBR.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 3;16(9):e68574. doi: 10.7759/cureus.68574. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Background Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVT) is one of the most common causes of stroke in young people. With timely diagnosis and the right medical attention, this relatively rare neurologic condition may be curable. Finding the risk variables and outcome determinants is the aim of this study. Methodology A two-year prospective observational research was carried out in a tertiary care facility. Notable were the patient's demographics, symptomatology, and risk factor history. The Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was employed to assess the patient's outcome and prognosis both at admission and after six weeks. The mRS scores at admission and follow-up were compared concerning outcome factors using the chi-square test. Results In all, there were 75 people with CVT. More men (42 patients, 56%) than women (33 patients, 44%), particularly in their third decade, were impacted. Polycythemia (22 patients, 29.3%) was the most prevalent risk factor, followed by the use of oral contraceptives (14 patients, 18.7%). Based on their mRS scores upon entry, 38 individuals (50.7%) were classified as functionally independent (mRS < 2), whereas 37 individuals (49.3%) were deemed functionally dependent (mRS > 2). At the six-week follow-up, 54 patients (72%) were functionally independent. Decompressive craniotomies were performed on 15 patients (20%), of which 10 (13.33%) had improvement, two (2.67%) had deterioration, and one patient passed away. The percentage of deaths was 1.33%. Two patients (2.67%) were not followed up with. Conclusion The present findings highlight that CVT predominantly affects younger individuals with a slight male predominance. The leading risk factors were polycythemia and the use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). Despite generally favorable prognoses with appropriate management, poorer outcomes were linked to altered consciousness, neurological deficits, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at presentation.
背景 脑静脉窦血栓形成（CVT）是年轻人中风最常见的病因之一。通过及时诊断和恰当的医疗关注，这种相对罕见的神经系统疾病可能是可治愈的。本研究的目的是找出风险变量和预后决定因素。
方法 在一家三级医疗机构开展了一项为期两年的前瞻性观察性研究。记录患者的人口统计学资料、症状和危险因素病史。采用改良Rankin量表（mRS）在入院时和六周后评估患者的结局和预后。使用卡方检验比较入院时和随访时mRS评分与结局因素的关系。
结果 共有75例CVT患者。男性患者（42例，56%）多于女性患者（33例，44%），尤其在第三个十年年龄段受影响更为明显。红细胞增多症（22例，29.3%）是最常见的危险因素，其次是口服避孕药的使用（14例，18.7%）。根据入院时的mRS评分，38例患者（50.7%）被归类为功能独立（mRS < 2），而37例患者（49.3%）被认为功能依赖（mRS > 2）。在六周随访时，54例患者（72%）功能独立。15例患者（20%）接受了去骨瓣减压术，其中10例（13.33%）病情改善，2例（2.67%）病情恶化，1例患者死亡。死亡率为1.33%。2例患者（2.67%）未进行随访。
结论 目前的研究结果表明，CVT主要影响年轻个体，男性略占优势。主要危险因素是红细胞增多症和口服避孕药（OCPs）的使用。尽管经过适当治疗总体预后良好，但较差的结局与入院时意识改变、神经功能缺损和脑出血（ICH）有关。
