Ge Shao-Feng, Kong Chui-Fan, Smirnov Alexei Y
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, <a href="https://ror.org/0220qvk04">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a>, Shanghai 200240, China.
Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE) and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, <a href="https://ror.org/0220qvk04">Shanghai Jiao Tong University</a>, Shanghai 200240, China.
Phys Rev Lett. 2024 Sep 20;133(12):121802. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.121802.
The origin of neutrino masses remains unknown. Both the vacuum mass and the dark mass generated by the neutrino interaction with dark matter (DM) particles or fields can fit the current oscillation data. The dark mass squared is proportional to the DM number density and, therefore, varies on the galactic scale with much larger values around the Galactic Center. This affects the group velocity and the arrival time delay of core-collapse supernovae (SN) neutrinos. This time delay, especially for the ν_{e} neutronization peak with a sharp time structure, can be used to distinguish the vacuum and dark neutrino masses. For illustration, we explore the potential of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which is sensitive to ν_{e}. Our simulations show that DUNE can distinguish the two neutrino mass origins at more than 5σ C.L., depending on the observed local value of neutrino mass, the neutrino mass ordering, the DM density profile, and the SN location.
中微子质量的起源仍然未知。真空质量以及中微子与暗物质（DM）粒子或场相互作用产生的暗质量都能与当前的振荡数据相契合。暗质量的平方与暗物质数密度成正比，因此在星系尺度上会发生变化，在银河系中心附近的值要大得多。这会影响核心坍缩超新星（SN）中微子的群速度和到达时间延迟。这种时间延迟，特别是对于具有尖锐时间结构的νe 中子化峰，可用于区分真空和暗中微子质量。为了说明这一点，我们探讨了对νe 敏感的深层地下中微子实验（DUNE）的潜力。我们的模拟表明，根据观测到的中微子质量的局部值、中微子质量顺序、暗物质密度分布和超新星位置，DUNE 能够在超过 5σ 的置信水平下区分这两种中微子质量起源。
