Furqaan Valiyathur Md, Mithra Sivaraj, Majeed Seepoo Abdul, Basha Kottur Anver, Hameed Azeez Sait Sahul, Safiullah Sakvai Mohammed
P.G. and Research Department of Chemistry, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India.
Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, PG and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Oct 7. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-35227-0.
Increasing industrial contamination necessitates development of sustainable water treatment solutions. Photocatalysis is a green technology utilizing light-activated materials (photocatalysts), which can degrade pollutants into harmless by-products. It is an emergent need to develop a photocatalyst that presents a significant advancement for sustainable water treatment and non-toxic to the environment. This study investigates the photocatalytic activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of a novel hybrid material comprising of alginate, copper oxide (CuO) and graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) for methylene blue (MB) degradation. The hybrid material was synthesized by a two-step process: (i) doping of CuO on gCN through co-precipitation method formed CuO-gCN (CG) and (ii) incorporation of CG in the calcium alginate (A) by ionotropic gelation method that is named as ACG. The characteristic features of the synthesized A, CG and ACG were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The optical characteristic of A, CG and ACG was studied using UV-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The morphology and elemental composition of ACG was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To assess the environmental impact of ACG, a two-step approach was employed. First, the photocatalytic activity of ACG under UV-visible light (UV-vis) irradiation for MB degradation was evaluated. ACG exhibited photocatalytic activity by achieving 86.26% of degradation efficiency for MB within 60 min. Second, the in vitro cytotoxicity of ACG, MB and MB degraded products towards tilapia gill cell lines were assessed. By comparing the toxicity of the MB and the secondary products, it is concluded that the overall process leads to a sustainable outcome.
日益增加的工业污染使得开发可持续的水处理解决方案成为必要。光催化是一种利用光活化材料（光催化剂）的绿色技术，它可以将污染物降解为无害的副产物。开发一种在可持续水处理方面有重大进展且对环境无毒的光催化剂是当务之急。本研究考察了一种由海藻酸钠、氧化铜（CuO）和石墨相氮化碳（gCN）组成的新型杂化材料对亚甲基蓝（MB）降解的光催化活性和体外细胞毒性。该杂化材料通过两步法合成：（i）通过共沉淀法将CuO掺杂在gCN上形成CuO-gCN（CG），（ii）通过离子凝胶法将CG掺入海藻酸钙（A）中，命名为ACG。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和热重分析（TGA）研究了合成的A、CG和ACG的特征。使用紫外漫反射光谱（UV-DRS）研究了A、CG和ACG的光学特性。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）评估了ACG的形态和元素组成。为了评估ACG对环境的影响，采用了两步法。首先，评估了ACG在紫外-可见光（UV-vis）照射下对MB降解的光催化活性。ACG在60分钟内对MB的降解效率达到86.26%，表现出光催化活性。其次，评估了ACG、MB和MB降解产物对罗非鱼鳃细胞系的体外细胞毒性。通过比较MB和次生产物的毒性，得出整个过程导致可持续结果的结论。
