College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2024 Nov 11;10(11):6938-6953. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01478. Epub 2024 Oct 7.
Rainbow trout () is experiencing a catastrophic pandemic. In recent years, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) has spread nationwide, resulting in significant mortality. Currently, there are no available treatments or vaccines for IHNV in China. Here, the extract was purified and characterized. Then, we developed an inactivated IHNV vaccine with purified polysaccharide (P-APS) as an adjuvant. Safety assays showed that IHNV was successfully inactivated. After a serious IHNV challenge, the cumulative mortality rates were 76.0, 38.0, and 22.1% in control, vaccine, and P-APS + vaccine groups, respectively. P-APS + vaccine was effective at reducing head kidney damage and apoptosis after IHNV challenge by histopathological and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analyses. The P-APS + vaccine group showed better results in enhancing specific antibodies (IgM) and immune enzyme activities (C3, LZM, GOT, and GPT). RNA-seq revealed that many immune-related pathways were significantly enriched. , , , , , , , , and were identified as core genes based on RNA-seq and PPI networks. Mechanistic investigations showed that P-APS + vaccine activates the immune pathway by upregulating the expression of these genes. P-ASP+vaccine induced effective innate and adaptive immune responses that were stronger than single vaccines after vaccination and IHNV challenged. Our findings will provide a promising vaccine candidate against IHNV.
虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）正遭受一场灾难性的大流行。近年来，传染性造血器官坏死病毒（IHNV）在全国范围内传播，导致大量死亡。目前，中国尚无针对 IHNV 的治疗方法或疫苗。本研究中，对 进行了纯化和表征。然后，我们用纯化的 多糖（P-APS）作为佐剂开发了一种灭活的 IHNV 疫苗。安全性检测表明，IHNV 已成功灭活。在严重的 IHNV 攻毒后，对照组、疫苗组和 P-APS+疫苗组的累积死亡率分别为 76.0%、38.0%和 22.1%。组织病理学和末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶 dUTP 缺口末端标记（TUNEL）分析表明，P-APS+疫苗在减轻 IHNV 攻毒后的头肾损伤和细胞凋亡方面是有效的。P-APS+疫苗组在增强特异性抗体（IgM）和免疫酶活性（C3、LZM、GOT 和 GPT）方面表现更好。RNA-seq 表明，许多免疫相关途径显著富集。基于 RNA-seq 和 PPI 网络， 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 和 被鉴定为核心基因。机制研究表明，P-APS+疫苗通过上调这些基因的表达来激活免疫途径。与单独接种疫苗相比，P-ASP+疫苗接种后和 IHNV 攻毒后能诱导更有效的先天和适应性免疫反应。我们的研究结果为防治 IHNV 提供了一种有前景的候选疫苗。
