Zhonghao Jiang, Fan Yang
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Front Oncol. 2024 Sep 23;14:1430991. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1430991. eCollection 2024.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, affecting millions of people worldwide. Due to the complexity and variability of the disease, there are major challenges in the treatment of HCC in its intermediate and advanced stages; despite advances in various treatment modalities, there are still gaps in our understanding of effective therapeutic strategies. Key findings from several studies have shown that the combination of immunotherapy and targeted therapy has a synergistic anti-tumor effect, which can significantly enhance efficacy with a favorable safety profile. In addition, other studies have identified potential biomarkers of therapeutic response, such as tumor protein 53 (TP53) and CTNNB1 (encoding β-conjugated proteins), thus providing personalized treatment options for patients with intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this article is to review the recent advances in the treatment of intermediate and advanced HCC, especially targeted immune-combination therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T cell therapy), and gene therapy for these therapeutic options that fill in the gaps in our knowledge of effective treatment strategies, providing important insights for further research and clinical practice.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的原发性肝癌，全球数百万人受其影响。由于该疾病的复杂性和变异性，中晚期HCC的治疗面临重大挑战；尽管各种治疗方式取得了进展，但我们对有效治疗策略的理解仍存在差距。多项研究的关键发现表明，免疫疗法和靶向疗法联合具有协同抗肿瘤作用，可显著提高疗效且安全性良好。此外，其他研究还确定了治疗反应的潜在生物标志物，如肿瘤蛋白53（TP53）和CTNNB1（编码β-连环蛋白），从而为中晚期肝细胞癌患者提供个性化治疗选择。本文旨在综述中晚期HCC治疗的最新进展，特别是靶向免疫联合疗法、嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法（CAR-T细胞疗法）以及基因疗法，这些治疗选择填补了我们在有效治疗策略方面的知识空白，为进一步研究和临床实践提供重要见解。
