Grigore Monica, Ruscu Mihai Andrei, Hermann Dirk M, Colita Ivan-Cezar, Doeppner Thorsten Roland, Glavan Daniela, Popa-Wagner Aurel
Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Petru Rares 2-4, 200349, Romania, Craiova.
Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2025 Jan;132(1):39-59. doi: 10.1007/s00702-024-02837-4. Epub 2024 Oct 8.
Psychotropic drugs are vital in psychiatry, aiding in the management of mental health disorders. Their use requires an understanding of their pharmacological properties, therapeutic applications, and potential side effects. Ongoing research aims to improve their efficacy and safety. Biomarkers play a crucial role in understanding and predicting memory decline in psychotropic drug users. A comprehensive understanding of biomarkers, including neuroimaging, biochemical, genetic, and cognitive assessments, is essential for developing targeted interventions and preventive strategies. In this narrative review, we performed a comprehensive search on PubMed and Google using review-specific terms. Clinicians should use a multifaceted approach, including neurotransmitter analysis, neurotrophic factors, miRNA profiling, and cognitive tasks for early intervention and personalized treatment. Anxiolytics' mechanisms involve various neurotransmitter systems and emerging targets. Research on biomarkers for memory decline in anxiolytic users can lead to early detection and intervention, enhancing clinical practices and aligning with precision medicine. Mood stabilizer users can benefit from early detection of memory decline through RNA, neurophysiological, and inflammatory biomarkers, promoting timely interventions. Performance-enhancing drugs may boost athletic performance in the short term, but their long-term health risks and ethical issues make their use problematic. Long-term use of psychotropic performance enhancers in athletes shows changes in biomarkers of cognitive decline, necessitating ongoing monitoring and intervention strategies. Understanding these genetic influences on memory decline helps pave the way for personalized approaches to prevent or mitigate cognitive deterioration, emphasizing the importance of genetic screening and early interventions based on an individual's genetic profile. Future research should focus on refining these biomarkers and protective measures against cognitive deterioration. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of biomarkers in psychotropic drug users is essential for developing targeted interventions and preventive strategies.
精神药物在精神病学中至关重要，有助于管理心理健康障碍。其使用需要了解它们的药理学特性、治疗应用和潜在副作用。正在进行的研究旨在提高其疗效和安全性。生物标志物在理解和预测精神药物使用者的记忆衰退方面起着关键作用。全面了解生物标志物，包括神经影像学、生化、遗传和认知评估，对于制定有针对性的干预措施和预防策略至关重要。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们使用特定于综述的术语在PubMed和谷歌上进行了全面搜索。临床医生应采用多方面的方法，包括神经递质分析、神经营养因子、miRNA分析和认知任务，以进行早期干预和个性化治疗。抗焦虑药的作用机制涉及各种神经递质系统和新出现的靶点。对抗焦虑药使用者记忆衰退的生物标志物研究可导致早期检测和干预，加强临床实践并与精准医学保持一致。心境稳定剂使用者可通过RNA、神经生理学和炎症生物标志物早期发现记忆衰退而受益，从而促进及时干预。提高成绩的药物可能在短期内提高运动成绩，但其长期健康风险和伦理问题使其使用存在问题。运动员长期使用精神类提高成绩药物会出现认知衰退生物标志物的变化，因此需要持续监测和干预策略。了解这些对记忆衰退的遗传影响有助于为预防或减轻认知衰退的个性化方法铺平道路，强调基于个体基因谱进行基因筛查和早期干预的重要性。未来的研究应侧重于完善这些生物标志物以及针对认知衰退的保护措施。总体而言，全面了解精神药物使用者的生物标志物对于制定有针对性的干预措施和预防策略至关重要。
