Marine Science Department, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang City, East Java Province, Indonesia.
Marine Resources Exploration and Management Research Group, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang City, East Java Province, Indonesia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Oct;31(50):60314-60325. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-35252-z. Epub 2024 Oct 8.
Cigarette butts, along with other plastic items, have been extensively studied as the primary source of marine litter in coastal areas around the world. Although there has been extensive research on cigarette butts in coastal areas worldwide, there have been no publications related to this in coastal areas in Indonesia. Therefore, this research is the first to report on the pollution of cigarette butts on different Indonesian beaches, specifically in the East Java Province. The study aimed to assess the abundance, size distribution, and pollution levels associated with cigarette butts from 15 different beaches. Cigarette butts were collected using a 5 × 5 m quadrate transect, placed 20 m apart along the coastline from December 2022 to August 2023. The collected cigarette butts were counted and measured in three different sizes: 0.5-2.5 cm, 2.5-5 cm, and 5-10 cm. A total of 323 cigarette butts were collected, with densities ranging from 0.08 to 3.32 items m. The majority of butts were classified as meso-size (0.5-2.5 cm), suggesting incomplete smoking and a higher potential for toxin release. The Cigarette Butt Pollution Index (CBPI) revealed a spectrum of pollution levels, from low to severe, with most beaches exhibiting severe pollution. Factors such as negligent smoking behavior, inadequate waste management infrastructure, and beach environmental conditions were identified as key contributors to this pollution. This study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive strategies, including public awareness campaigns, improved waste management, and beach clean-ups, to mitigate the environmental impact of cigarette butt pollution on Indonesian beaches.
烟头与其他塑料物品一起，已被广泛研究为世界各地沿海地区海洋垃圾的主要来源。尽管全球范围内对沿海地区的烟头进行了广泛的研究，但印度尼西亚沿海地区没有与之相关的出版物。因此，这项研究首次报告了不同印度尼西亚海滩上烟头的污染情况，特别是在东爪哇省。该研究旨在评估从 15 个不同海滩收集的烟头的丰度、大小分布和污染水平。烟头是使用 5 × 5 m 的正方形样方，沿海岸线每隔 20 m 放置一个样方，从 2022 年 12 月至 2023 年 8 月收集的。收集的烟头进行计数，并在三个不同的尺寸上进行测量：0.5-2.5 cm、2.5-5 cm 和 5-10 cm。共收集了 323 个烟头，密度范围从 0.08 到 3.32 个 m。大多数烟头被归类为中号（0.5-2.5 cm），这表明吸烟不完整，释放毒素的可能性更高。烟头污染指数（CBPI）显示出从低到严重的污染水平，大多数海滩都显示出严重的污染。忽视吸烟行为、不完善的废物管理基础设施和海滩环境条件等因素被认为是造成这种污染的关键因素。这项研究强调了需要采取综合策略，包括提高公众意识、改善废物管理和海滩清理，以减轻烟头污染对印度尼西亚海滩的环境影响。
