Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw.
Psychiatr Pol. 2024 Aug 31;58(4):707-720. doi: 10.12740/PP/172864.
The paper explores the development of psychotherapy in Polish psychiatry in the interwar period from the perspective of Kurt Danziger's historical psychology. Firstly, the organizational and social context of the development of Polish psychiatric care in the interwar period and its impact on the development of psychotherapy is outlined. Then, the most influential in Poland, European psychotherapeutic developments in the interwar period are reconstructed. Finally, the views of psychiatric personnel of three psychiatric facilities proposing psychotherapy as one of the main means of treatment of mentally ill patients are introduced: Dziekanka Psychiatric Hospital, the Jewish Hospital in Warsaw and Psychiatry and Neuropathology Clinic of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. Psychiatric personnel from Dziekanka Psychiatric Hospital, directed by Aleksander Piotrowski, understood psychotherapy broadly, as the influence of the environment on the patient's psyche. Psychiatrists of the Jewish Hospital in Warsaw, Adam Wizel, Gustaw Bychowski, Władysław Matecki, and Maurycy Bornsztajn developed psychoanalytically influenced psychotherapy of schizophrenia. Bychowski also advocated for the application of psychotherapy in such neglected groups of patients as children and the intellectually disabled. Jan Piltz and Eugeniusz Artwiński pursued psychotherapy in the treatment of war neuroses at the Psychiatry and Neuropathology Clinic of the Jagiellonian University.
本文从库尔特·丹齐格（Kurt Danziger）的历史心理学角度探讨了两次世界大战期间波兰精神病学中心理治疗的发展。首先，概述了两次世界大战期间波兰精神病学护理发展的组织和社会背景及其对心理治疗发展的影响。然后，重建了两次世界大战期间在波兰最具影响力的欧洲心理治疗发展。最后，介绍了三家精神病院的精神病医生的观点，他们将心理治疗作为治疗精神病患者的主要手段之一：Dziekanka 精神病院、华沙犹太医院和克拉科夫雅盖隆大学精神病学和神经病理学诊所。由亚历山大·皮奥特罗夫斯基（Aleksander Piotrowski）领导的 Dziekanka 精神病院的精神病医生将心理治疗广义地理解为环境对患者心理的影响。华沙犹太医院的精神病医生亚当·威泽尔（Adam Wizel）、古斯塔夫·比乔夫斯基（Gustaw Bychowski）、瓦迪斯瓦夫·马泰茨基（Władysław Matecki）和莫瑞斯·博恩斯坦（Maurycy Bornsztajn）发展了受精神分析影响的精神分裂症心理治疗。比乔夫斯基还主张将心理治疗应用于儿童和智障等被忽视的患者群体。扬·皮尔特斯（Jan Piltz）和尤金纽什·阿尔特温斯基（Eugeniusz Artwiński）在雅盖隆大学精神病学和神经病理学诊所治疗战争神经症时采用了心理治疗。
