MMWR Suppl. 2024 Oct 10;73(4):50-58. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.su7304a6.
Transgender high school students (those whose gender identity differs from their sex assigned at birth) experience disparate health outcomes and challenges in school, including violence and discrimination, compared with cisgender students (those whose gender identity aligns with their sex assigned at birth). Until recently, population-based data describing the experiences of transgender students and students questioning whether they are transgender (questioning) have been limited. In 2023, the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey assessed transgender identity, providing the first nationally representative data about transgender students. This report describes the demographic characteristics of transgender and questioning high school students and examines differences in the prevalence of experiences of violence, poor mental health, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, school connectedness, and unstable housing among transgender, questioning, and cisgender high school students nationwide. In 2023, 3.3% of U.S. high school students identified as transgender, and 2.2% identified as questioning. Transgender and questioning students experienced a higher prevalence of violence, poor mental health, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and unstable housing, and a lower prevalence of school connectedness than their cisgender peers. Compared with 8.5% of cisgender male students, 25.3% of transgender students and 26.4% of questioning students skipped school because they felt unsafe. An estimated 40% of transgender and questioning students were bullied at school, and 69% of questioning students and 72% of transgender students experienced persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, a marker for experiencing depressive symptoms. Approximately 26% of transgender and questioning students attempted suicide in the past year compared with 5% of cisgender male and 11% of cisgender female students. Intervention opportunities for schools to create safer and more supportive environments for transgender and questioning students can help address these disparities. The findings of this report suggest that more effort is necessary to ensure that the health and well-being of youths who are socially marginalized is prioritized.
transgender 高中生（即其性别认同与其出生时被分配的性别不同的学生）与 cisgender 学生（即其性别认同与其出生时被分配的性别一致的学生）相比，在学校经历着不同的健康结果和挑战，包括暴力和歧视。直到最近，描述 transgender 学生和对自己是否 transgender 有疑问的学生（以下简称 questioning）经历的基于人群的数据一直很有限。2023 年，全国青年风险行为调查评估了 transgender 身份，提供了关于 transgender 学生的首次全国代表性数据。本报告描述了 transgender 和 questioning 高中生的人口统计学特征，并检查了 transgender、questioning 和 cisgender 高中生在全国范围内经历暴力、心理健康不良、自杀意念和行为、学校联系和不稳定住房的发生率差异。2023 年，美国有 3.3%的高中生自认为是 transgender，2.2%的高中生自认为是 questioning。与他们的 cisgender 同龄人相比，transgender 和 questioning 学生经历暴力、心理健康不良、自杀意念和行为以及不稳定住房的发生率更高，而学校联系的发生率更低。与 8.5%的 cisgender 男学生相比，25.3%的 transgender 学生和 26.4%的 questioning 学生因感到不安全而逃学。估计有 40%的 transgender 和 questioning 学生在学校受到欺凌，69%的 questioning 学生和 72%的 transgender 学生持续感到悲伤或绝望，这是经历抑郁症状的一个标志。大约 26%的 transgender 和 questioning 学生在过去一年中尝试过自杀，而 cisgender 男学生和 cisgender 女学生的这一比例分别为 5%和 11%。学校为 transgender 和 questioning 学生创造更安全、更支持性的环境的干预机会，可以帮助解决这些差距。本报告的调查结果表明，需要做出更多努力，确保处于社会边缘地位的青年的健康和福祉得到优先重视。
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